Lecture 28 Urinary System

Question 1

Where in the ureter are kidney stones most likely to be found?

Answer 1

Question 2

How are the kidneys protected insided of the abdominal wall?

Answer 2

Question 3

Identify

Answer 3

Question 4

Identify

Answer 4

Question 5

Describe the circulation of the kidney.

Answer 5

Question 6

Identify.

Answer 6

Question 7

Identify

Answer 7

Question 8

Answer 8

Question 9

Answer 9

Question 10

Answer 10

Question 11

Answer 11

Question 12

Answer 12

Question 13

Answer 13

Question 14

Answer 14

Question 15

Answer 15

Question 16

Answer 16

Question 17

Which of the following is not a function of the kidneys?

a. participation in the formation of the active form of vitamin D
b. regulation of the volume and composition of the blood
c. removal of wastes from the blood in the form of urine
d. production of white blood cells
e. regulation of blood pressure

Answer 17

d. production of white blood cells

Question 18

Which of the following vessels split from the efferent arterioles?

a. glomerular capillaries
b. peritubular capillaries
c. afferent arterioles
d. vasa recta
e. Both b and d are correct.

Answer 18

e. Both b and d are correct.

Question 19

Urine leaving the distal convoluted tubule passes through various structures in which of the following sequences?

a. collecting duct → renal hilus → calyx → ureter
b. collecting duct → calyx → renal pelvis → ureter
c. calyx → collecting duct → renal pelvis → ureter
d. calyx → renal hilus → renal pelvis → ureter
e. collecting duct → renal hilus → ureter → calyx

Answer 19

b. collecting duct → calyx → renal pelvis → ureter

Question 20

The trigone, a landmark in the urinary bladder, is a triangular area bounded by:

a. the orifices of the ejaculatory ducts and the urethra.
b. the internal urethral orifice and the inferior border of the detrusor muscle.
c. the ureteral and the internal urethral orifices.
d. the top of the fundus and the ureteral orifices.
e. the major and minor calyces.

Answer 20

c. the ureteral and the internal urethral orifices.

Question 21

Fluid that filters into the glomerular capsule flows next into the:

a. glomerulus.
b. efferent arteriole.
c. proximal convoluted tubule.
d. distal convoluted tubule.
e. nephron loop.

Answer 21

c. proximal convoluted tubule.

Question 22

The macula densa is located:

a. between the glomerular capillaries and the glomerular capsule.
b. between the renal papilla and the minor calyx.
c. where the afferent arteriole branches from the interlobular artery.
d. where the ascending limb of the nephron loop makes contact

with the afferent arteriole.

e. at the bottom of the nephron loop.

Answer 22

d. where the ascending limb of the nephron loop makes contact

Question 23

The detrusor muscle is:

a. the middle layer of the wall of the urinary bladder.
b. the muscle that controls the flow of urine from the renal pelvis into the ureter.
c. another name for the muscularis of the ureter.
d. a modification of the urogenital diaphragm muscle.
e. Both a and d are correct.

Answer 23

a. the middle layer of the wall of the urinary bladder.

Question 24

The apex of a renal pyramid, called the , points toward ___________ the interior of the kidney.

Answer 24

renal papilla

Question 25

In the renal corpuscle, the ________ arteriole normally has a smaller diameter than the __________ arteriole.

Answer 25

efferent,

afferent

Question 26

The special simple squamous epithelial cells that have many projections and that are found in the visceral layer of the glomerular capsule are called ____________ .

Answer 26

podocytes

Question 27

The longest portion of the male urethra is the ___________ urethra.

Answer 27

spongy

Question 28

Most nephrons are cortical nephrons, but 15–20 percent are ____________ nephrons.

Answer 28

juxtaglomerular

Question 29

The _________ carry urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder.

Answer 29

ureters

Question 30

14. Place numbers in the blanks to arrange the following vessels in order.
    (a) arcuate arteries:
    (b) interlobular arteries:
    (c) renal arteries:
    (d) peritubular capillaries and vasa recta:
    (e) glomerular capillaries:

(f ) efferent arteriole:

(g) afferent arteriole:
(h) interlobar arteries:
(i) segmental arteries:

Answer 30

(c) renal arteries
(i) segmental arteries
(h) interlobar arteries
(a) arcuate arteries
(b) interlobular arteries
(g) afferent arteriole
(e) glomerular capillaries

(f ) efferent arteriole

(a)4, (b)5, (c)1, (d)9, (e)7, (f )8, (g)6, (h)3, (i)2

Question 31

19. The juxtaglomerular apparatus is part of the endothelial–capsular (filtration) membrane. (T/F)

Answer 31

F (The endothelial cells of glomerular capillaries are part of the endothelial-capsular (filtration) membrane.)