Lecture3: Neurotransmitters Flashcards
Which enzyme destroys neurotransmitters?
Aceytlcholinesterase
What receptor does Glutamate act on?
NMDA
which is glutamate converted into?
Glutamine
What converts glutamate to glutamine?
Glial cells
What does increased extra cellular glutamate lead to?
Parkinson’s, dementia, Huntington’s chorea
When is extracellular glutamate increased?
After trauma or stroke
Where is Glycine mainly found?
In the interneturons in the spinal cord
What type of neurons is glycine?
Ionotropic
What is GABA synthesized from?
Glutamate
What cofactor does GABA syenthesis utilize?
Vitamin B6
What does GABA deficiency lead to?
Convulsions and epilepsy
What is Catecholamines derived from?
Tyrosine
What controls mood and arousal?
Catecholamines
What 2 enzymes metabolize Catecholamines?
MAO and COMT
What does dopamine deficiency lead to?
Parkinsons and schizophrenia
What does dopamine treat?
Renal failure
What is serotonin derived from?
Tryptophan
What is the most important excitatory transmitter in the CNS?
Glutamate
Does excess glutamate lead to apoptosis?
Yes
What blocks the ionotropic Glycine receptor?
Strychnine
what visible effect does strychnine lead to?
Convulsions
What type is the GABA-A receptor?
Ionotropic
What type is the GABA-B receptor?
Metabotropic
What receptor do benzodiazepines bind to?
GABA-A
What do Benzodiazepines cause?
Muscle relaxation and reduced anxiety
Are barbiturates toxic in overdose?
Yes
Stimulation of the postganglionic nerves and intermediate ganglia is responsible for which response?
Fight or Flight
What produces epinephrine?
The adrenal medulla
What leads to pheochromocytoma?
A tumor in the adrenal medulla
In which form is the Vanillylmandelic acid measured to diagnose function of the adrenal medulla?
Urine
What is Dopamine catabolised to form?
HVA
Which cofactor does serotonin need?
BH4
Where is histamine found?
In the hypothalamus
What is is histamine derived from?
Histidine
Prevention of binding of Acetylcholine leads to?
Myasthenia gravis
What produced N.O?
Arginine
Which receptors are inhibited to form effect of caffeine?
Adenosine
Where are endorphins and encephalins found?
In the spinal cord and brain
What leads to the Joggers High after strenuous exercise?
Endorphins
