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MED210 > Lecture3: Neurotransmitters > Flashcards

Lecture3: Neurotransmitters Flashcards

1
Q

Which enzyme destroys neurotransmitters?

A

Aceytlcholinesterase

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2
Q

What receptor does Glutamate act on?

A

NMDA

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3
Q

which is glutamate converted into?

A

Glutamine

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4
Q

What converts glutamate to glutamine?

A

Glial cells

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5
Q

What does increased extra cellular glutamate lead to?

A

Parkinson’s, dementia, Huntington’s chorea

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6
Q

When is extracellular glutamate increased?

A

After trauma or stroke

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7
Q

Where is Glycine mainly found?

A

In the interneturons in the spinal cord

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8
Q

What type of neurons is glycine?

A

Ionotropic

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9
Q

What is GABA synthesized from?

A

Glutamate

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10
Q

What cofactor does GABA syenthesis utilize?

A

Vitamin B6

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11
Q

What does GABA deficiency lead to?

A

Convulsions and epilepsy

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12
Q

What is Catecholamines derived from?

A

Tyrosine

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13
Q

What controls mood and arousal?

A

Catecholamines

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14
Q

What 2 enzymes metabolize Catecholamines?

A

MAO and COMT

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15
Q

What does dopamine deficiency lead to?

A

Parkinsons and schizophrenia

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16
Q

What does dopamine treat?

A

Renal failure

17
Q

What is serotonin derived from?

A

Tryptophan

18
Q

What is the most important excitatory transmitter in the CNS?

A

Glutamate

19
Q

Does excess glutamate lead to apoptosis?

A

Yes

20
Q

What blocks the ionotropic Glycine receptor?

A

Strychnine

21
Q

what visible effect does strychnine lead to?

A

Convulsions

22
Q

What type is the GABA-A receptor?

A

Ionotropic

23
Q

What type is the GABA-B receptor?

A

Metabotropic

24
Q

What receptor do benzodiazepines bind to?

A

GABA-A

25
Q

What do Benzodiazepines cause?

A

Muscle relaxation and reduced anxiety

26
Q

Are barbiturates toxic in overdose?

A

Yes

27
Q

Stimulation of the postganglionic nerves and intermediate ganglia is responsible for which response?

A

Fight or Flight

28
Q

What produces epinephrine?

A

The adrenal medulla

29
Q

What leads to pheochromocytoma?

A

A tumor in the adrenal medulla

30
Q

In which form is the Vanillylmandelic acid measured to diagnose function of the adrenal medulla?

A

Urine

31
Q

What is Dopamine catabolised to form?

A

HVA

32
Q

Which cofactor does serotonin need?

A

BH4

33
Q

Where is histamine found?

A

In the hypothalamus

34
Q

What is is histamine derived from?

A

Histidine

35
Q

Prevention of binding of Acetylcholine leads to?

A

Myasthenia gravis

36
Q

What produced N.O?

A

Arginine

37
Q

Which receptors are inhibited to form effect of caffeine?

A

Adenosine

38
Q

Where are endorphins and encephalins found?

A

In the spinal cord and brain

39
Q

What leads to the Joggers High after strenuous exercise?

A

Endorphins

MED210 (20 decks)

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