Lecture26: Effects Of Lesion To Descending Tracts

Question 1

What are UMNLs?

Answer 1

Lesions which affect the cortical motor areas

Question 2

What is the most common UMNL?

Answer 2

Lesions of the internal capsule

Question 3

What is the first UMNL manifestation?

Answer 3

Paralysis

Question 4

What does paralysis present as?

Answer 4

On the opposite side

Question 5

What is the second manifestation of UMNL?

Answer 5

Muscle spasticity

Question 6

What is the cause of the spasticity?

Answer 6

Increased gamma efferent discharge

Question 7

What is the 3rd manifestation of UMNL?

Answer 7

Exaggerated reflexes

Question 8

What is the 4th manifestation of UMNLs?

Answer 8

Clonus

Question 9

What is clonus?

Answer 9

Rhythmic contractions of a spastic muscle

Question 10

Is plantar reflex a UMNL sign?

Answer 10

Yes

Question 11

How does paralysis of LMNL differ from UMNL?

Answer 11

Same side and localized

Question 12

Why is there decreased muscle tone in LMNL? (Hypotonia)

Answer 12

Due to cut of stretch reflex arc

Question 13

If an SCI occurred above C3, what I’d affected?

Answer 13

Breathing

Question 14

If an SCI occurred at the Lower Cervical region, what happens?

Answer 14

Quadriplegia

Question 15

What is Quadriplegia?

Answer 15

Paralysis of all 4 limbs

Question 16

If an SCI occurred at the thoracic region, what happens?

Answer 16

Paraplegia

Question 17

What is Paraplegia?

Answer 17

Paralysis of the lower limbs

Question 18

What causes decerebrate rigidity?

Answer 18

Disconnection between red nucleus and pons