Lecture - Sleep In The Workplace Flashcards
1
Q
Light exposure
A
- light enters the eyes
- light information relayed to the SCN
- coordination of circadian rhythms
2
Q
Circadian disruption
A
- when external and internal times are out of sync with each other
- occurs in shiftworkers
- occurs when travelling overseas
- common in many psychiatric disorders
- may occur at certain life stages
3
Q
Fatigue: circadian rhythms
A
- time of day
- working at night, sleeping during the day
4
Q
Fatigue: sleep-wake behavior
A
- reduced sleep duration and quality
- acute and chronic sleep loss
- alterations in sleep architecture
- poor sleep consolidation
- sleep out of phase with other physiological activities
- often split sleep schedule
5
Q
Sleep disturbance and health
A
- cardiovascular disorder
- weight gain/obesity
- type-2 diabetes
- reproductive difficulties
- sleep disorder
- gastrointestinal disorder
- general health
- changes in appetite and hunger
- chages in metabolism
- reduced immune function
- reduced reproductive health
6
Q
Disruption and performance
A
- some individuals are systematically much more vulnerable to performance deficits from sleep deprivation than other individuals
- subjects are unaware of their response
- 16-20% of road fatalitis in australia are fatigue related
7
Q
Risk factors for drowsy driving crashes
A
- late night/early morning
- patients with untreated sleepiness
- people who sleep less than 6h per day
- young adult males
- commercial truck drivers
- night shift workers
- medical/surgical residents post call
8
Q
Work and sleep in medical interns
A
- interns made 35.9 more serious medical erros
- interns made 56.6 percent more-intercepted serious errors
- the total rate of serious errors was 22 percent higher
- interns made 20.8 percent more serious medication errors
- interns made 5.6 times as many serious diagnosti error
9
Q
Sleep
A
- avoid caffeine and nicotine near bedtime
- avoid high alcohol consumption
- avoid heavy study, television or computer games
- exposure to bright light when awake
- do not use time awake in bed to solve problems
- allow wind down time before going to bed
- routine
10
Q
Naps
A
- nap length 20-30 min
- avoid deep sleep
- does not reduce subsequent sleep need
11
Q
Sleep inertia
A
- difficulty achieving full wake alertness after sleep
- increased sleepiness
- grogginess
- tendency to return to sleep
- impaired performance and memory
- confusion
- ## disorientation
12
Q
Light
A
- has immediate effects on alertness and performance
- increased neurobehavioral performance levels
- suppresses nocturnal melatonin secretion
- elevates core body temp
- shifts the timing of the circadian rhythm
- good to get bright light when wake up
- try and avoid bright light before bedtime
13
Q
Melatonin
A
- half life around 40-50 min
- physiological effects peak approximately 30-60 min post administration
- Side effects: daytime fatigue, increased incidence of headaches, dizziness, increased irritability, vivid dreaming and nightmares, restless,ness, mood worsening
- no long term human data
- alters reproductive cycles in animals
- inhibits sexual development in animals
- binding sites identified in peripheral arterial tissue
