Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Block 3 - Resp > Anatomy 1 - Thorax: Cage, Wall, Boundaries, Surface Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy 1 - Thorax: Cage, Wall, Boundaries, Surface Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Thorax

A
  • skeletal cage + wall
  • skin, subcutaneous tissue, muscle, fascia
  • wall is rigid, not very thick
  • horizontal ribs connected by cartilage
  • supported by vertical sternum and thoracic verterbrae
  • protect vital thoracic and abdominal organs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Bones in thoracic cage

A
  • 1 sternum
  • 12 thoracic vertebrae
  • 11 intervertebral discs
  • 12 pairs of ribs
  • 12 pairs of associated costal cartilagenous
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Manubrium

A
  • widest, thickest part of sternum
  • located TV3 - TV5
  • Joins body of sternum creating the manubriosternal joint - forms sternal angle
  • 1 Jugular notch, 2 clavicular notch, 2 synchondroses of 1st rib, 2 hald costal notch for 2nd rib
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Body of sternum

A
  • longest, thinnest part of sternum
  • located TV5-TV9
  • creates manubriosternal joint with manubrium
  • forms xiphisternal joint with xiphoid process
  • 2 half costal notch for 2nd ribs, 2 x full costal notches for 3rd, 4th, 5th and 6th ribs
  • 2 half costal notch for 7th rib
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Xiphoid process : sternum

A
  • smallest part of sternum
  • TV9-10
  • Participates in xiphisternal joint
  • 2 half costal notch for 7th rib
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Xiphisternal joint is a marker for

A
  • inferior limit of thoracic cavity
  • inferior border of hear
  • superior limit of liver
  • central tendon of diaphragm
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Variations in TV1

A
  • superior costal facet on vertebral body is not a demi-facet but a single costal facet for 1st rib articulation
  • inferior costal facet is a demi-facet for hald of the head of the 2nd rib
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Variations in TV10

A
  • only has a single costal facet (no superior and inferior), positioned in between the vertebral body and pedicle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Variations in TV11-12

A
  • only a single costal facet positioned on the pedicle, for 11th and 12th rib articulation and no costal facet on the transverse process
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q 
Atypical ribs:
1
2
10
11
12
A

Rib 1 - no crest or angle; wide flat and groovy
Rib 2 - long neck, wide and rough
Rib 10 - no crest
Rib 11: no crest, neck or tubercle
Rib 12 - no crest, neck, tubercle, angle or costal groove

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Surface features of 1st and 2nd ribs

A

1st rib

  • subclavian vein groove
  • subclavian artery groove
  • scalene tubercule

2nd rib features
- serratur anterior tuberosity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Costal cartilage attachments

A
  • “true” Ribs 1-7: attach directly to sternum
  • “False” Ribs: 8-10: attach to sternul via cartilage of rib above
  • “floating” ribs 11-12: costal cartilage form only caps on the ribs tips and do not attach to sternum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Costochondral joints

A

Between anterior rib and costal cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Sternocostal joints

A

Between sternum and costal cartilage of rib

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Costovertebral joint

A
  • between posterior rib and thoracic vertebrae
  • costocorporeal: between rib head and vertebral body
  • Costotransverse: between rib tubercle and transverse process
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What types of joints are the following?

  • Manubriosternal
  • Xiphisternal
  • Sternocostal
  • Interchondral
  • Costochondral
  • Costocorporeal
  • Costotransverse
  • Zygapophysial
A
  • Manubriosternal:2º cartilaginous
  • Xiphisternal: 1º Cartilaginous
  • Sternocostal: 1st Cartilaginous, 2-7 Synovial
  • Interchondral: 6-8 Synovial, 9-10 fibrous
  • Costochondral: 1º Cartilaginous
  • Costocorporeal: Synovial
  • Costotransverse: Synovial
  • Z joint: synovial
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Superficial to deep thoracic wall muscle

A
  • External intercostal muscles
  • Internal intercostal muscles
  • innermost intercostal muscles
  • Subcostal muscles
  • Transversus thoracic muscle
18
Q

External intercostal muscle

A
  • Direction: hand into same side pocket
  • Function: move ribs up
  • involved in inspiration
19
Q

Internal intercostal muslces

A
  • Hand into opposite side pocket
  • move ribs down
  • involved in expiration
20
Q

Innermost intercostal muscle

A
  • hand into opposite side pocket
  • move ribs down
  • involved in expiration
21
Q

Subcostales muscle

A
  • innermost layer on posterior wall
  • anterior aspect of posterior thoracic wall
  • span a couple of intercostal spaces
  • depress ribs during expiration
22
Q

Transversus thoracic muscle

A
  • posterior aspect of anterior wall

- pulls sternum back during expiration

23
Q

Where is the neurovascular bundle located

A
  • in between internal intercostal membrane and innermost intercostal muscle
24
Q

Thoracic wall vessels and nerved

A
  • Intercostal veins, arteries and nerves run in costal grooves on the inferior borders of ribs
  • Vein superior, Artery middle, Nerve inferior
  • then give off smaller collateral branches near the rib angle which run along the superior border of the rib below: collateral nerve superior, collateral artery middle and collateral vein inferior
25
Q

Thoracic wall veins

A
  • posterior intercostal veins drawin to azygous (right) /hemiazygous (left) system which ends up in SVC. Also drains to superior intercostal vein and brachiocephalic vein
  • Anterior intercostal vein dreins to internal thoracic vein then to brachiocephalic vein
  • Subcostal veins drain to azygous/hemiazygous system
26
Q

Thoracic wall arteries

A
  • Posterior intercostal arteries from thoracic aorta and superior intercostal artery (which itself coems from sublavian artery)
  • anterior intercostal artery comes from internal thoracic artery which itself comes from subclavian artery
  • Subcostal arteries come from thoracic aorta
27
Q

Thoracic wall nerves

A
  • intercostal nerves from anterior rami if T1-11 spinal nerves.
    • separate into lateral cutaneous branch at rib angle and anterior cutaneous branch at sternum
  • subcostal nerves come from anterio rami T12 spinal nerves
28
Q

Thoracic wall lymphatics

A
  • Upper to bronchomediastinal trunk which then goes to junction of internal jugular and subclavian bein
  • lower to thoracic duct and then to junction of left internal jugular and subclavian vein
  • Parasternal lyhmph nodes go to bronchomediastinal trunk and then to junction of internal jugular and subclavian veins
29
Q

Thorax boundaries

A
  • Thoracic inlet: superior border of manubrium, 1st pair of ribs and costal cartilge, TV1.
  • Thoracic outlet: Xiphisternal joint, costal cartilages of 7-10 pairs of ribs and ends of 11-12 pairs of ribs (lateral), TV12, closed off from abdomen: diaphragm
30
Q

Thoracic inlet contents (anterior to posterior)

A
  • brachiocephalic veins
  • subclavian veins
  • internal jugular veins
  • vagus nerves
  • Thoracic duct
  • Internal carotid arteries
  • Phrenic nerves
  • subclavian arteries
  • Trachea
  • Recurrent laryngeal nerves
  • Apex of lungs
  • Oesophagus
  • T1 intercostal nerves
  • Anterior rami of T1 spinal nerves
31
Q

Thoracic outlet contents

A
  • filled with thin, double domed, musculotendinous sheet that separates thorax and abdomen and attaches to inferior margin of thoracic cage and superior lumbar vertebrae: diaphragm
32
Q

Diaphragm structure

A
  • at expiration, right dome is at 5th rib level, left dome is at 5th intercostal space
  • IVC punctures central tendon at TV8
  • Oesophagus passes through muscular part posterior to central tendon at TV10
  • aorta passes behind the posterior attachment at TV12
33
Q

Diaphragm attachments

A
  • xiphoid process of sternum
  • cartilaginous costal margin of thoracic wall (7-10th rib)
  • Ends of 11-12th rib
34
Q

Ligaments that span across structures of posterior abdominal wall

A
  • over quadratus lumborum: Lateral arcuate ligaments
  • Over psoas major: Medial arcuate ligament
  • Over aorta: Median arcuate ligament
35
Q

Musculotendinous bands on lumbar vertebrae

A
  • right crus attach to LV1-3

- Left crus attach to LV1-2

36
Q

Diaphragm arterial supply

A
  • Superior surface by superior phrenic artery (from thoracic aorta), musculophrenic artery and pericardiophrenic artery (from internal thoracic artery)
  • Inferior surface by inferior phrenic artery (from abdominal aorta)
37
Q

Venous drainage of diaphragm

A
  • generally parallel arteries

- drain to azygous system, brachiocephalic vein and inferior vena cava

38
Q

Diaphragm lymphatics

A
  • lymphatic plexuses on superior and inferior surfaces of diaphragm communicate freely with each other
  • anterior and posterior diaphragmatic lymph nodes -> to parasternal nodes -> to bronchomediastinal trunk and junction of internal jugular and subclavian veins
39
Q

Diaphragm innervation

A
  • phrenic nerve
  • arises bilaterally from anterior ramin of 3rd, 4th and 5th cervical spinal nerves
  • run along the lateral aspects of the pericardium and pierce diaphragm to innervate it on the inferior surface
  • each innervates its relative half of the diaphragm
  • provide entire motor supply for contraction of diaphragm
  • also provides sensory innervation to diaphragm, pericardium and pleura
40
Q

Sternal angle important landmark

A
  • superior and inferior mediastinum separate
  • aortic arch starts and finishes
  • pulmonary trunk bifurcates
  • trachea bifurcates
  • ligamentum aretiosum is prsent
  • axygos vein enters SVC
  • thoracic duct moves from right to left
  • recurrent laryngeal nerve loops under aortic arch

Block 3 - Resp (44 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions