Anatomy 4 - Head And Neck: Nose, Mouth, Sinuses Flashcards
1
Q
External nose
A
- framework: openings, hairs, skin (full of sweat, sebacuous gland), cartilage, muscle
- function: first barrier, filter
2
Q
Nasal cavity
A
- respiraoty and olfactory epithelium
- delicate blood vessel plexus
- medial wall: septum - flat and smooth
- lateral wall: conchae - bumps, hooks
- function: filter, humidifier, smell
3
Q
Nose clinical issues
A
- most conditions are benign
- infection: skin, rhinorrhea
- nosebleeds: epistaxis, fractures
4
Q
Paranasal sinuses
A
- skull caves (air-filled): frontal, ethmoidal, maxillary, sphenoidal –> all connect with nasal cavity
- lined with respiratory epithelium that is continuous with the respiratory epithelium of the nasal cavity
- function: not clear -> lighten skull, humidify air, mistakes of skull growth, resonance to voice
5
Q
Clinical issues of paranasal sinuses
A
- infection spread through cavity
- blocked drains - maxillary worst
6
Q
Nerve supply of nose
A
- external nose: V1/2
- nasal cavity and sinuses: V1/2, olfactory cranial nerve
7
Q
Mouth introduction
A
- overall function: communication, emotion, digestion
- several structures within the mouth: palate, faucial arches, teeth, tongue, tonsils
8
Q
Palate
A
- separates nose from mouth
- two types of palate:
1) Hard bony roof: maxilla, palatine
2) Soft: muscle/aponeurosis, uvula - function: block nasal cavity: redirect food and air
9
Q
Faucial arches
A
- mucous membrane and muscles
- two folds from soft palate: palatoglossar arch and palatopharyngeal arch
- Function: swallowing, singing
10
Q
Teeth
A
- 32 with wisdom teeth
- function: mish-mash the food
- food cutters: incisors
- Grinders: molars
11
Q
Tongue
A
- muscles: hyoid, mandible, styloid, soft palate, pharynx
- two parts
1) anterior 2/3: taste
2) posterior 1/3: lymph - function: swallowing, articulation, taste
12
Q
TOnsils
A
- there are three:
1) Palatine: mouth - between faucial arches
2) Pharyngeal: nose - close to auditory tube
3) Lingual: tongue - posterior 1/3 - function: immune centres - early protection - very large in children
13
Q
Mouth clinical issues
A
- infection of palatine: tonsillitis, quinsy (spreading underneath respiratory epithelium)
- pharyngeal: adenoids
14
Q
Mouth muscles: glossal
A
- act on tongue
- stylogossus: retract tongue
- hyoglossus: depress tongue
- palatoglossus: raises tongue
- genioglossus: protrudes tongue
- intrnsic glossals: raise, depress, narrow, elongate, broaden, flatten the tip of the tongue
15
Q
Mouth muscles: palate
A
- act on soft palate
- levator veli palatini: raises palate
- tensor veli palatini: tenses palate
- palatoglossus and palatopharyngeoys are also part of the palate group
