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Anatomy > Lecture Quiz #3 > Flashcards

Lecture Quiz #3 Flashcards

1
Q

How do neurons communicate?

A

By electrical and chemical signals which are rapid and specific, and cause immediate responses

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2
Q

What are the 3 overlapping functions of the nervous system?

A
  1. Sensory input
  2. integration and motor output
  3. Motor output
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3
Q

Sensory input

A

Nervous system has millions of sensory receptors that monitor change inside and outside the body. The information gathered is called sensory input

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4
Q

Integration

A

Sensory input is processed and interpreted. The info is used to make judgements and sends out orders

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5
Q

Motor output

A

The nervous system activates effector organs such as muscles and glands to cause a response calls motor output

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6
Q

Two parts of the nervous system

A

Central nervous System (CNS)

Peripheral nervous System (PNS)

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7
Q

CNS

A

Found in dorsal body cavity, consists of brain and spinal chord. CNS integrates info and is control center

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8
Q

PNS

A

Consists of nerves that exted from brain and spinal chord. Spinal nerves carry impulses to and from spinal chord.cranial nerves carry impulses to and from the brain. Links all pearls of body to CNS

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9
Q

What is a nerve?

A

A bundle of axons

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10
Q

2 functional subdivisions of PNS

A

Sensory/ afferent division (carrying toward)

Motor or efferent division (carrying away)

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11
Q

Sensory/Afferent division of PNS

A

Divided into:

Somatic sensory: fibers gather Info from from skin, skeletal muscles and joints

Visceral sensory: gathers info from visceral organs

Sensory division keeps CNS informed of what is going on in side and out side of the body.

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12
Q

The 2 main parts of the motor division

A
  1. Somatic nervous system: sends impulses to CNS to skeletal muscles also called voluntary nervous system
  2. Autonomic nervous system: made up of visceral motor fibers that regulate smooth muscle tissue, cardiac a muscle and glands with out thinking about it; also called the involuntary nervous system
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13
Q

The autonomic nervous system is further made up of 3 sub divisions ____________.

A
  1. Sympathetic division

2. Parasympathetic division

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14
Q

Cellularity of nervous tissue

A

Highly cellular

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15
Q

Nervous tissue is made up of 2 kinds of cells

A

Neuroglia- supper cells

Neurons- excitable nerve cells

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16
Q

What is the master controlling system of the body?

A

The nervous system

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17
Q

Schwann cells

A

Also called neurolemmocytes, surround all nerve fibers in PNS and form myelin sheaths around thicker nerve fibers. Schwann cells a are vital to the repair of damaged peripheral nerve fibers

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18
Q

Special characteristics of neurons

A
  1. Extreme longevity- lasts a life time
  2. Amitotic- do not replicate themselves
  3. High metabolic rate- needs a lot of O2 and glucose
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19
Q

Neuron cell body

A

Perikaryon or soma

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20
Q

Neurofibrils

A

Along with microtubules maintains cell’s shape. They are intermediate filaments

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21
Q

Where are most neuron cell bodies located?

A

In the CNS, they are protected by the bones of the skull and vertebral column

22
Q

Nuclei

A

Clusters of cell bodies in CNS

23
Q

Ganglia

A

Clusters of cell bodies that lie along the nerves of the PNS

24
Q

The brain and spinal chord contain both ________.

A

Neuron cell bodies and their processes

25
Q

The PNS consists chiefly of________.

A

Neuron processes

26
Q

Tracts

A

Bundles of neuron processes in CNS

27
Q

Nerves

A

Bundles of neuron processes in PNS

28
Q

Dendrites

A

Are the main receptive or input regions of the neuron. The usually receive incomming messages towards the cell body. These electrical signals are not action potentials but short distance graded potentials

29
Q

Nerve fiber

A

Any long axon

30
Q

Axon collaterals

A

Axon Branches along side main axon

31
Q

Terminal branches

A

Distal branched out end of neuron. Has axon terminal at the end which releases neurotransmitters

32
Q

Axon terminal

A

Most distal part of axon which releases neurotransmitters

33
Q

Functionally the axon is the______.

A

Conducting region of the neuron. Makes the impulses and transmits them, usually away from the cell body

34
Q

Plasma membrane of axon

A

Axolemma

35
Q

Schwann cells

A

Also called neurolemmocytes, surround all nerve fibers in PNS and form myelin sheaths around thicker nerve fibers. Schwann cells a are vital to the repair of damaged peripheral nerve fibers

36
Q

Special characteristics of neurons

A
  1. Extreme longevity- lasts a life time
  2. Amitotic- do not replicate themselves
  3. High metabolic rate- needs a lot of O2 and glucose
37
Q

Neuron cell body

A

Perikaryon or soma

38
Q

Neurofibrils

A

Along with microtubules maintains cell’s shape. They are intermediate filaments

39
Q

Where are most neuron cell bodies located?

A

In the CNS, they are protected by the bones of the skull and vertebral column

40
Q

Nuclei

A

Clusters of cell bodies in CNS

41
Q

Ganglia

A

Clusters of cell bodies that lie along the nerves of the PNS

42
Q

The brain and spinal chord contain both ________.

A

Neuron cell bodies and their processes

43
Q

The PNS consists chiefly of________.

A

Neuron processes

44
Q

Tracts

A

Bundles of neuron processes in CNS

45
Q

Nerves

A

Bundles of neuron processes in PNS

46
Q

Dendrites

A

Are the main receptive or input regions of the neuron. The usually receive incomming messages towards the cell body. These electrical signals are not action potentials but short distance graded potentials

47
Q

Nerve fiber

A

Any long axon

48
Q

Axon collaterals

A

Axon Branches along side main axon

49
Q

Terminal branches

A

Distal branched out end of neuron. Has axon terminal at the end which releases neurotransmitters

50
Q

Axon terminal

A

Most distal part of axon which releases neurotransmitters

51
Q

Functionally the axon is the______.

A

Conducting region of the neuron. Makes the impulses and transmits them, usually away from the cell body

52
Q

Plasma membrane of axon

A

Axolemma

Anatomy (16 decks)

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