Gross anatomy Flashcards
Superior/cranial
Toward the head end or upper part of the body; above
Anatomical position
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Inferior/ caudal
Away fom the head end or toward the lower part Ida structure or the body; below
Anterior/ventral
Toward or at the from of the body; in front of
Posterior/dorsal
Toward or at the back of the body; behind
Medial
Toward or at the midline of the body
lateral
Away from the midline of the body; outer side of
Intermediate
Between a more medial and lateral structure
Proximal
Closer to attachment to trunk
Distal
Farther away from attachment to trunk
Superficial (external)
Toward the body surface
Deep
Interal, away from body surface
Sagittal plane
A verticals plane that divides the body into right and left parts
Median plane/midsagittal
Lies exactly on the midline
Parasagittal plane
All other Sagittal planes which do not sit on the midline
Frontal/ coronal plane
Vertical plane that separates body into anterior and posterior
Transverse plane
Horizontal plan running from left to right dividing body into superior and inferior
Cross section
A transverse section
Oblique section
Cuts mad diagonally between horizontal and vertical planes; rarely used
What is anatomy?
The study of the structure of the human body.
What is physiology?
The study of function of the body.
What is gross anatomy?
Macroscopic/ study of large body structues.
What is regional anatomy?
When all structures in a particular region of the body are studied at the same time.
What is systematic anatomy?
When body structure is studied region by region.
What is surface anatomy?
The study of internal structures as they relate to the overlying skin surface
What is microscopic anatomy?
Deals with structures of body that are too small to be seen with the naked eye.
What is cytology?
The study of cell. A branch of microscopic anatomy concerned with cells.
What is developmental anatomy?
The study of structural changes through out a lifespan.
What is embryology?
A subdivision of developmental anatomy, concerned with developmental changes that occur before birth.
What is pathological anatomy?
The study of structural changes caused by disease.
What is radio graphic anatomy?
Studies internal structures as visualized by an imaging machine.
Principle of complementary of structure and function
What a structure can do depends on it’s specific form
List the functional characteristics necessary to maintain life.
- Maintaining boundaries
- Movement
- Responsiveness
- Digestion
- Metabolism
- Excretion
- Reproduction
- Growth
What does your body need to survive?
- Nutrients
- Oxygen
- Water
- Normal Body Temperature
- Appropriate Atmospheric Pressure
Maintaining boundaries
A barrier or covering protecting an organism from its external environment. Boundaries protect the organisms internal organs from drying out, bacteria, heat sunlight and chemicals.
Movement
Organisms must propel themselves delve to one place to another, manipulate their environment. Substances in the body must move to one place to another. Muscles have to contract.
Negative feed back
Stops effectors from doing too much
Ex. Shivering
Positive feedback
Amplifies until homeostasis is reached
Negative feed back and positive feed back are both an important part of
Homeostasis
Homeostasis is regulated through
Feedback loops
