Lecture One

Question 1

Define the term nutrient:

Answer 1

Any chemical element or compound that is required for normal production, growth and lactation or maintenance of life processes

Question 2

What are the major nutrients in animal nutrition?

Answer 2

1. Proteins 2. Carbohydrates 3. Fats 4. Vitamins 5. Minerals 6. Water

Question 3

What sources can energy be derived from?

Answer 3

proteins, fats and carbohydrates

Question 4

What are the eight food categories as defined by the national research association?

Answer 4

1. Roughage (Dry Forages) 2. Fresh Forages (pasture, range plants, feeds cut, fed green) 3. Silages 4. Energy concentrates (cereal grains, fats, oils) 5. Protein supplements (plant, animal, non-protein) 6. Minerals 7. Vitamins 8. Additives

Question 5

Describe how variations occur between feeds of plants and animals:

Answer 5

Question 6

What is meant by the term proximate analysis?

Answer 6

feed constituents portioned into broad chemical grouping and can be conducted either by wet chemistry/NIR

Question 7

Compare wet chemistry and NIR:

Answer 7

Question 8

What methods are used to get obtain “dry matter”?

Answer 8

freeze drying or oven drying

Question 9

How is crude protein determined from nitrogen concentration?

Answer 9

Crude protein = N concentration x 6.25 (average protein approximately 16% N)

Question 10

How is crude fat determined?

Answer 10

Proportion of food that is soluble in the solvent

Question 11

What does the ash represent?

Answer 11

Mineral content

Question 12

How is crude fibre calculated?

Answer 12

Crude Fibre = % of fat free residue - % ash

Question 13

What is the formula for nitrogen free extract (NFE)?

Answer 13

NFE = 100% - (% moisture + % crude protein + % crude fat + % ash + % crude fibre)

Question 14

Fill in the following table:

Answer 14