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VET380 > Lecture 5 > Flashcards

Lecture 5 Flashcards

1
Q

What is meant by the term dietary fibre?

A

Refers to carbohydrate polymers that are not able to be digested in the small intestine but can undergo complete or partial digestion within the large intestine.

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2
Q

Where is dietary fibre generally found?

A

Within the plant walls

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3
Q

What are the main components of dietary fibre?

A
  1. Non-starch polysaccharides (NSP)
  2. Resitant starch
  3. Lignin
  4. Small quantities of insoluble proteins, fatty acids, waxes
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4
Q

What are the two different types of non-starch polysaccharides?

A

Soluble NSP and insoluble NSP

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5
Q

What are the major effects of soluble non-starch-polysaccharides?

A
  • decrease digestibility (of all nutrients across the diet)
  • decrease nutrient absorption
  • increase transit time
  • increase growth of pathogenic bacteria
  • from viscous gels
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6
Q

What is the effect of insoluble non-starch polysaccharides?

A
  • decrease the transit time
  • increase water holding capacity
  • increase faecal bulk
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7
Q

Where are non-starch polysaccharides fermented?

A

Non-starch polysaccharides are fermented in the hindgut

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8
Q

What is benefit of resistant starch?

A

Escapes digestion in small intestine and is then fermented in the large intestine. It provides a susbtrate for “good bacteria” and “butyrate for colonocytes”.

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9
Q

What are the types of resistant starch?

A
  • starch physically inaccesible to enzymes (e.g. inside intact cells)
  • B-type starch granules (e.g. uncooked potatoes)
  • Retrograde amylose in processed food
  • Chemically modified starch
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10
Q

What are the limitations of the crude fibre measure?

A
  1. Least accurately determined component
  2. Variable availability for energy
  3. Better measures of fibre are available
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11
Q

What is the benefit of using a van soest analysis?

A

Better describes energy contribution from carbohyrdrates and nutritative value of high fibre feeds for herbivors.

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12
Q

Name the following blanks on the diagram below:

A
  1. Cell contents
  2. Cell wall
  3. Neutral Detergent Fibre (NDF)
  4. Acid Detergent Fibre (ADF)
  5. Neutral Detergent Solubles (NDF)
  6. Acid detergent solubles (ADS)
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13
Q

Label the blanks of the diagram below:

A
  1. Neural Detergent Solubles (NDS)
  2. Neural Detergent Fibre (NDF)
  3. ADF
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14
Q

Complete the table below:

A
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15
Q

What does a high acid detergent fibre value mean?

A

High ADF = Low digestibility = Low energy

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16
Q

What does a high NDF value mean?

A

A high NDF means lower intake

17
Q

What does WSC mean?

A

Water soluble carbohydrates

18
Q

What does NSC stand for?

A

Non-structural carbohydrates

19
Q

What does NFC stand for?

A

Non-fibre carbohydrates

20
Q

Fill in the table below:

A
21
Q

What are the benefits of a moderate fibre inclusion for dogs?

A
  1. Few effects on nutrient availability
  2. VFA for the colon
  3. Good stool quality
  4. Cheaper ingredients = lower costs
22
Q

What are the problems associated with a high fibre inclusion?

A
  1. Reduced nutrient digestibility and vitamin availability
  2. Gas production
  3. Poorer stool quality
  4. Increased frequency of defecation
23
Q

What is the effect of the addition of exogenous food enzymes added to the diet?

A
  1. Enzymes not found in the intestinal tract
  2. Partially break down dietary fibre molecules
  3. Reduce viscosity
  4. Improve nutrient availability
  5. Facilitate the use of cheaper ingredients
24
Q

How does the stage of maturity affect the digestiblity, energy and protein content of forages?

A

Increasing maturity means declining digestibility, energy and protein of roughages.

25
Q

What plant of the forage is more digestible the leaf or the root?

A

The leaf of the forage = much more digestible

26
Q

Rate the following pasture species from the most to the least digestible: (Imporved grasses, legumes, native grasses):

A
  1. Native grasses/tropical grassses
  2. Improved grasses
  3. Legumes

VET380 (18 decks)

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