Lecture 6

Question 1

What is meant by the term energy concentrate?

Answer 1

Any feed that is fed with the goal of increasing the energy concentration of a food.

Question 2

What is the digestibility of an energy concentrate?

Answer 2

High

Question 3

What is the energy concentration of an energy concentrate?

Answer 3

High

Question 4

What is the protein quantity of an energy concentrate?

Answer 4

Variable

Question 5

What is the protein quality of an energy concentrate?

Answer 5

Variable- cereals commonly deficient in essential amino acids

Question 6

What is the mineral quality like of energy concentrates?

Answer 6

Usually quite low in calcium

Question 7

What is the vitamin quality of energy concentrates?

Answer 7

cereals are deficient in Vitamin A and D

Question 8

Organise the following into higher, medium and lower energy density cereal grains: Wheat, maize, Triticale, Groats (de-hulled oats), barley, sorghum and oats

Answer 8

Higher Energy Density: Wheat, Maize (Corn), Triticale, Groats (de-hulled oats) Medium Energy Density: Barley, Sorghum Lower Energy Density: Oats

Question 9

Complete the sentence below. Generally, the higher the energy density the ________ the risk of acidosis.

Answer 9

greater

Question 10

Provide a benefit and a problem with the use of oats as a source of energy. What type of species is this not good for?

Answer 10

1. Hard outer shell which reduces the risk of spoilage and acidosis 2. They have much lower energy than other sources of food 3. Not good for pigs and poultry as this lowers digestible energy

Question 11

What is a problem of using maize? What species would you use it in the diet of?

Answer 11

• very high risk of spoilage - Often used in the diet of pigs and poultry and also in pet foods

Question 12

What is a potential problem with using sorghum (milo)?

Answer 12

• a proportion of carbs escape fermentation in the rumen - can contain tannins = bad

Question 13

What is a potential issue with using molassas?

Answer 13

• by product from extracting sugar from sugar cane or from sugar beet - High energy presents an acidosis risk

Question 14

Fill in the table below comparing plant-based versus animal based supplements:

Answer 14

Question 15

What is the main problem with feeding residue from linseed oil processing to to horses and what is a potential way to overcome this risk?

Answer 15

Problem is that it contains linase that produces a toxic gas when in contact with water (heat processing can destroy linase)

Question 16

What species cannot be fed plasma proteins?

Answer 16

Plasma protein use is restricted for in ruminants.

Question 17

What are indicators for sale levels of nitrogen within the diets of ruminants?

Answer 17

A safe level of NPN in the diet is less than 1/3rd dietary nitrogen. No more than 1% of total ration or no more than 3% of concentrate.