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Endocrinology > Lecture One > Flashcards

Lecture One Flashcards

0
Q

What are the four methods of hormone delivery

A 
Endocrine
Neuro endocrine
Paracrine
Neurocrine
Autocrine
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1
Q

How does endocrine signaling work

A

Hormone secretion into blood by endocrine gland to distant target cell

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2
Q

Paracrine signaling

A

Secretory cell signals adjacent target cell. Extracellular signals to receptors

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3
Q

Autocrine signaling

A

Target sites on same cells, extracellular signal to multiple receptors

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4
Q

Signaling by plasma membrane attached proteins

A

Signaling cell to adjacent cell via receptor and membrane attached signal

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5
Q

Endocrine postulates (5)

A

Gland must produce internal secretion
Methods of detecting internal secretion must be available
Extracts must be produced from which a purified hormone can be obtained
The pure hormone must be isolated, its structure determined and its synthesis achieved
Hormone acts on specific target cells such that excess or deficiency results in a specific phenotype

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6
Q

Pituitary anterior lobe hormones

A

Luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, prolactin, growth hormone, adrenocorticotropin, beta lipotropin, beta endorphin, thyroid stimulating hormone

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7
Q

Pituitary intermediate lobe

A

Melanocyte stimulating hormone, beta endorphin

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8
Q

Pituitary posterior lobe

A

Vasopressin or anti diuretic hormone, oxytocin

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9
Q

Thyroid

A

T4 and T3, calcitonin

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10
Q

Parathyroid

A

Parathyroid hormone

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11
Q

Adrenal cortex

A

Cortisol, aldosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone, androstenedione

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12
Q

Adrenal medulla

A

Epi, norepinephrine

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13
Q

Gonads testis

A

Testosterone, estradiol, androstenedione, inhibin, activin, mullerian inhibiting substance

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14
Q

Gonads ovary

A

Estradiol, progesterone, testosterone, androstenedione , inhibin, activin, FSH releasing peptide, relaxin, follistatin

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15
Q

Placenta

A

Human chorionic gonadotropin, human placental lactogen, progesterone, estrogen

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16
Q

Pancreas

A

Insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, pancreatic polypeptide, gastrin, vasoactive intestinal peptide

17
Q

Pineal

A

Melatonin, biogenic amines, several peptides

18
Q

Brain (hypothalamus)

A

Corticotropin releasing hormone, thyrotropin releasing hormone, Luteinizing hormone releasing hormone, GH releasing hormone, somatostatin, growth factors^a, transforming growth factor beta, insulin like growth factor 1

19
Q

Heart

A

Atrial natriuretic peptides

20
Q

Kidney

A

Erythropoetin, renin, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D

21
Q

Liver, other organs, fibroblasts

A

IGF-I

22
Q

Adipose tissue

A

Leptin

23
Q

GI tract

A

Cholecystokinin, gastrin, ghrelin, secretin, vasoactive intestinal peptide, enteroglucagon, gastrin-releasing peptide

24
Q

Platelets

A

Platelet derived growth factor, TGF beta

25
Q

Macrophages, lymphocytes

A

Cytokines, TGF beta, pro-opiomelanocortin derived peptides

26
Q

Various sites

A

Epidermal growth factor, TGF alpha, neuregulins, neurotrophins

27
Q

Five different categories of hormones

A

Amines, thyroid hormones, polypeptides, proteins, steroids

28
Q

Half life of amine

A

2-3 min

29
Q

Half life of T4

A

6.7 days

30
Q

Half life of T3

A

0.75 days

31
Q

Polypeptides

A

4-40 minutes

32
Q

Proteins

A

15-170 minutes

33
Q

Steroids

A

4-120 minutes

34
Q

Two classes of hormone receptors

A

Intracellular receptors and cell surface receptors

35
Q

How many groups in cell surface receptors

A

Two

36
Q

How many groups in intracellular receptors

A

Two

37
Q

Two cell surface receptor groups

A

Linked to TK and linked to G protein

38
Q

Two groups of intracellular receptors

A

Cytosolic and nuclear

39
Q

Two subgroups of linked to TK surface receptors

A

Growth factor receptors intrinsic TK

Cytokines receptors recruit TK

40
Q

Two subgroups of surface receptors linked to G proteins

A

Adenylate Cyclase

PLC

Endocrinology (21 decks)

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