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Endocrinology > Lecture 4 Vasopressin > Flashcards

Lecture 4 Vasopressin Flashcards

0
Q

Three physiological roles of vasopressin

A

Regulates water excretion by kidney
Potent vasoconstrictor
Serves as a releasing factor for ACTH

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1
Q

What is desmopressin

A

A vasopressin analogue

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2
Q

Where does vasopressin act

A

Smooth muscle and kidney

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3
Q

What does vasopressin do

A

Vasoconstriction in smooth muscle

Aquaporins and water retention in kidneys

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4
Q

How does vasopressin affect ACTH levels

A

It increases them

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5
Q

What kind of feedback to vasopressin comes from
A. Nausea, vomiting, stress, exercise
B. Caffeine alcohol
C. Increase in osmolarity, decrease in blood volume

A

Positive feedback
Negative
Positive

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6
Q

How does increase in plasma osmolarity affect AVP release

A

Activates third ventricle osmoreceptors

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7
Q

How does fall in blood volume affect AVP level

A

Activates baroreceptor in heart and aorta in response to a fall in blood volume (8% or larger)

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8
Q

What five things regulate AVP release

A 
Plasma osmolarity increase
Fall in blood volume
Modulation by angiotensin II
Modulation by estrogens
Heat increases AVP secretion (preceding thirst)
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9
Q

How does 2 percent increase in ECF osmolarity affect CNS

A

It activates osmoreceptors

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10
Q

What do CNS osmoreceptors influence

A

+ feedback ADH release

+ feedback angiotensin II release

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11
Q

What does + ADH released

A

Positive feedback antidiuresis
Positive feedback water conservation
Positive feedback in circulating volume and decrease in ECF osmolarity

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12
Q

What does ten percent decrease in circulating volume cause

A 
Neg feedback baroreceptors
Neg feedback angiotensin II
Neg feedback thirst
Less water acquisition
Less circulating volume
More ECF osmolality
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13
Q

What tissue in nephron does ADH target

A

Distal convoluted tubule and collecting tubule

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14
Q

Three types of vasopressin receptors.

A

V1, V2, V3

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15
Q

V1 location and function

A

Blood vessels

Vasoconstriction

16
Q

V2 location and function

A

Renal collecting duct epithelium

Increased water permeability

17
Q

V3 location and function

A

Anterior pituitary gland

Stimulation of adrenocorticotropin release

18
Q

V1a(AVPR1A) signaling mechanism, location and function

A

Inositol triphosphate generation and calcium mobilization
Blood vessels, kidney, liver, brain

Vasoconstriction, platelet aggregation, release of factor VIII and Von Willebrand factor

19
Q

V1b (AVPR1B) signaling mechanism, location and function

A

Inositol triphosphate generation and calcium mobilization
Pituitary, brain

ACTH secretion, behaviors such as memory and social recognition

20
Q

V2 (AVPR2) signaling mechanism, location and function

A

Adenylate Cyclase
Renal collecting duct epithelium

Increased water permeability secondary to insertion of aquaporin-2 channels in apical membrane of collecting duct epithelial cells

21
Q

V1R or V1a is couple to

It activates what and results in what

A

Gq/11
Phospholipases C, D and A2
Stimulates phosphatidyl inositol and results in intracellular calcium concentration increase

22
Q

Steps of adenylate Cyclase activation and formation of cAMP

A 
Hormone bonds to receptor
Conformational change in receptor
Receptor binds to G alpha subunit
G alpjpha suffers conf. Change
GDP bound to G alpha is replaced by GTP
Alpha dissociates from gamma and beta
Alpha binds to adenylate Cyclase
Activates camp synthesis
Hormone dissociates
Hydrolysis of GTP to GDP causes alpha to dissociate from adenylate Cyclase and bind to beta gamma
23
Q

How does cAMP regulate via cAMP-dependent kinase

A

CAMP binds to cAPK
Releases C subunit, two of them
C subunit enters nucleus and phosphorylates transcription factors

24
Q

How is aquaporin 2 inserted into plasma membrane of collecting ducts

A

cAMP induces AQP2- rich vesicles translocation to plasma membrane and stimulates transcription of AQP2 gene increasing levels of this water channel

25
Q

How does vasopressin increase arterial pressure

A

Vasoconstriction

Increased blood volume

26
Q

Diabetes insipidus
What is it
What could cause it

A

Inability of kidney to conserve water
Deficiency in AVP
AVP gene mutation or injury to pituitary

27
Q

What kind if mutations of SVP 2

A

Dominant x-linked inheritance mutation in V2 receptor

Mutation in aquaporin 2

28
Q

What can inappropriate SVP secretion cause

A

Water retention

29
Q

What is aquaresis

A

Specific loss of water with minimal loss of ions for the treatment of patients with congestive heart failure

30
Q

What blood clotting factors does ADH release

A

Factor VIII

Willebrand factor

31
Q

What cognitive functions does ADH affect

A

Memory consolidation and retrieval

32
Q

How does vasopressin affect voles and transgenic mice

A

It may make them sociable and monogamous. Affects pair bonding.

Endocrinology (21 decks)

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