Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BIO206 > Lecture Oct 21, 2024 (Start L7) > Flashcards

Lecture Oct 21, 2024 (Start L7) Flashcards

1
Q

What is phosphorolation?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the 3 main parts of a eukaryotic gene?

A

The enhancer
The class 2 promoter elements
Protein coding sequence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

snRNA meaning

A

The splicesome is madeup of a protein and a small Nuclear RNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

snRNP

A

Small nuclear ribonuclear proteins. The name for a splicesosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How many different spliceosomes are there

A

5 different (for introns)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is a splicesosome?

A

Identifies Exon / Intron Junctions & Excises Introns- Splices Exons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Mature mRNA vs pre-mature mRNA

A

pre-mature= BEFORE introns are removed
Mature= without introns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which steps are done to make mature mRNA?

A

post transcription modifications (things done after transcription is complete)
5’ capping
* splicing
* 3’ poly-adenylation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Why is the process more complicated in Eukaryotes?

A
  • We have 3 types of RNA polymerase (while others hvae 1)
  • longer genes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is a promoter?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Out of exons and introns, which gets transcribed?

A

Both. But, introns dont get translated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the general parts of a eukaryotic gene?

A
  1. Enhancers
  2. Promoters
  3. Protein coding sequence (Introns+exons)
  4. Untranslated regions (found in 3’ and 5’ areas)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

When does the class 2 promoter occur? What are the 2 parts of it ?

A

after the enhancers.
- Made up of the core promoter
- Upstream element

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the purpose of the class 2 promoter?

A

Points RNA Polymerase in correct direction of transcription

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the main elements of the core promoter?

A

BREU, TATA, BRED, Inr, MTE, DPE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where do you find TTGACA on the eukaryotic?

A

Does not exist on eukaryotic gene

17
Q

When does the TATA box number?

A

-25

18
Q

What is a general transcription factor (GTFs)?

A

A protein that helps RNA polymerase 2 start transcribing on the core promoter elements

19
Q

What is a distal enhancer element?

A
20
Q

What do the 3 different RNA polymerases do?

A
21
Q

What does RNA Polymerase 1 do? At what stage?

A
22
Q

What is an S-value for the RNA Polymerases?

A

Rate of sedimentation. (bigger rate of sedimentation=bigger rRNA)

23
Q

What is an rRNA where is it used?

A
24
Q

What does Polymerase 1 transcribe?

A

rRNA genes

25
Q

What does Polymerase 2 transcribe?

A

mRNA, miRNA, snRNA, and
snoRNA genes

26
Q

What does Polymerase 3 transcribe?

A

RNA polymerase III
transcribes tRNA and 5S rRNA
genes + other functional RNA

27
Q

How long is the enhancer element?

A

thousands of base pairs long

28
Q

What does the mediator protein do?

A

Connects to activator protein

29
Q

What type of protein

A
30
Q

What is the D complex

A

In the first step When the TFIID is bounded to the MTE, DPE, Inr

31
Q

What is the first step of transcription initiation in eukaryote cells?

A

The TFIID bindes to the DPE, MTE, Inr

32
Q

What are the first 4 steps of transcription initaion

A
  1. TFIID binds MTE, DPE, and Inr, forming D complex
  2. TFIIA replaces TAF1 (subunit of TFIID)
  3. TFIIA + TFIID (with its TBP subunit) bind to TATA forming DA complex
  4. TFIID undergoes major conformational change, bending DNA by about 90°
  5. TFIIB binds BREU and BRED
33
Q

What are the next 5 steps of RNA transcription initiation?

A
  1. TFIIF is already bound to RNA
    polymerase II
  2. TFIIB uses the B-ribbon to ‘hook’
    TFIIF-RNApolII into place
  3. TFIIF binds DNA & stabilizes
    complex (DAB-Pol-F complex)
    * TFIIF helps RNA pol bind to a
    region from -34 to +17
    B-ribbon
    B-ribbon
  4. TFIIE clamps the DNA onto the complex and locks it
    tightly (DAB-Pol-FE)
  5. TFIIE recruits TFIIH to join the complex (DAB-Pol-FEH)
    * TFIIH has enzymatic activity: helicase and kinase
  6. The Mediator binds to the complete, DAB-Pol-FEH
    complex to form the Pre-Initiation Complex (PIC
34
Q

What is helicase part of?

A

The TFIIH, which also include kinase

35
Q

What keeps the DNA strands seperate for the rest of transcription

A

RNA polymerase II

36
Q

Whats kinase role?

A

: Enzyme which can add
phosphates to other molecules

37
Q

What is unique about RNA Polymerase 2

A

has a unique,
7-amino acid sequence, YSPTSPS,
which is repeated about 50 times

38
Q

What protein determines the start of transcription elongation?

A

TFIIH to phosphorylate the 5th serines in the RNA polymerase II CTD

BIO206 (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions