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BIO206 > Lecture 2.1, 2.2, 3 > Flashcards

Lecture 2.1, 2.2, 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Which macromolecule doesnt use covalent bonds? How do they interact?

A

Lipids, hydrophilic and hydrophobic interactions

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2
Q

what is the purpose of a polyssacharide

A

Energy, storage, etc

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3
Q

what is the purpose of a proteins

A

catalyst, cellular structure

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4
Q

what is the purpose of a nucleiotide

A

Building blocks of DNA, Building blocks of RNA – carrier of genetic information + structural
components of tRNA, ribosomes, spliceosomes etc
* Energy metabolism – ATP, GTP perform biochemical work
* Cellular signalling – second messengers in the form of cAMP

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5
Q

What was the conclusion of the Strep. test?

A

That out of all the macromolecules, only the DNA was capable of changing the organism

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6
Q

What is Streptococcus pneumoniae?

A

A bacteria pathogen with a smooth and rough strain (like 2 diff versions of itself)

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7
Q

Which is strain in the S. pneumoniae causes pneumonia?

A

The smooth strain

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8
Q

How did the Strep. experiment work?

A

different macro molecules were extracted from the Smooth strain and inserted into the rough strain.

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9
Q

What does it mean to purify the DNA in the strep test?

A

Done before extracting the DNA from the cell.
(ex: done before taking out the DNA from the smooth strain cells)

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10
Q

CHAPTER 3 starts here

A
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11
Q

AMP meaning

A

Adenosine monophosphate. Phosphoanhydride bonds are broken to make energy

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12
Q

Which are the purines?

A

Larger molecules, guanine and adenosine

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13
Q

What’s the difference betwee AMP and dAMPn

A

adenosine monophosphate vs. deoxymonophosphate

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14
Q

Which are the pyrimidines?

A

Cytosine, thymine and uracil

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15
Q

Difference between a deoxyribose vs. ribose?

A

OH group on the 2nd carbon isn’t present for the deoxyribose

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16
Q

Which are purines vs. pyrminidines

A

Pyr. Pur.
Community Gathering
Tonight At
Urs

17
Q

What are the 3 varients of DNA?

A

A,B,Z

18
Q

Which type of DNA is the most commonly used in our class?

A

B-DNA

19
Q

Which DNA thrives in less himid environments?

A

A DNA, survives in <75% humidity

20
Q

Which part of the DNA strand is upstream, vs. downstream?

A

Upstream: 5’ end
Downstream: 3’ end

21
Q

Why are there different types of DNA?

A

Because different DNA types are formed in different conditions. Change the condition=change the DNA type

22
Q

What is the difference between the minor and major groove of the DNA?

A

Minor groove= inner space between sugars of 1 base pair. Ex: riboses are
Major groove= outer space between the sugars

23
Q

What forces hold the DNA together?

A

Hydrogen bonding: connects nitrogenous bases
phosphoanhydride bonds: connects phosphate groups

24
Q

What discovery did Rosalind Franklin make?

A

produced picture of a DNA strand

25
Q

Length of 1 turn of DNA?

A

3.4nm

26
Q

Number of base pairs in 1 turn of DNA?

A

10

27
Q

Diameter of a DNA strand? (width)

A

2nm

28
Q

Which DNA is left handed?

A

Z DNA is the only left handed DNA

29
Q

According to Watson Crick’s base pairing, what bonds connect the nitrogenous bases

A

hydrogen bonds

30
Q

What is hydrogen bonding?

A

Intermolecular Force between a hydrogen in one atom and N, O or F

31
Q

Nucleioside vs. nucleiotide?

A

Nucleioside = sugar + base
Nucleiotide= sugar + base +phosphate group
*think, nucleoside, phosphate group fell off to the side

32
Q

Name of the bond that connects the phosphate groups together?

A

phosphoanhydride bonds

33
Q

Which phosphate group produces the most energy?

A

Adenosine Triphospate, because 3 phosphates = 3 bond places to break

34
Q

What is a phosphoanhydride bond?

A

Bond between phosphate Phosphate of group 1 and oxygen of the phosphate group beside it group beside it

35
Q

Phosphodiester bond vs. phosphoanhydride bond?

A

Phosphodiester bond: connects phosphate to ribose ring
Phosphoanhydride: oxygen from 1 phosphate group connects to phosphate in phosphate group 2

36
Q

How does adenine look

A

NH2 group attached

37
Q

AMP vs. dAMP?

A

adenosine monophosphate vs. deoxyadenosine monophosphate

38
Q

How does polymerization (making a polymer) of a DNA strand happen?

A

There are 2 nucleiotide
OH attached to Carbon 3 of Nucleiotide 1 attaches to the 2nd phosphate of nucleiotide 2
Creates phosphodiester bond

BIO206 (21 decks)

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