Lecture III: Scientific Method Flashcards
Two types of scientific investigation
- Discovery Based Science
2. Hypothesis Testing
Discovery Based Science is
- Observing and describing what you see: observation of life, no preconceived ideas, collection and analysis of data.
- Make a general statement based on lots of specific observations
Hypothesis Testing is
- Answer ‘why’ questions by conducting experiments: Test a specific idea (hypothesis) to help answer the ‘why’ question, perform scientific experiments, part of the scientific method
- From general observations and/or studying past research ask specific ‘why’ questions about the living world
Steps of the scientific method
- Observation
- Ask a ‘why’ question
- Formulate a hypothesis
- Make a prediction
- Tests your prediction
- Analyze and interpret results
- Formulate conclusions
Observation is to
- Conduct discovery-based science on your own to collect new observations about a topic of interest.
- Learn about other research that has been done in the past about this topic.
- As scientists we build on the knowledge that has already been attained, test its validity and push to understand further.
Ask a ‘why’ question is to
don’t overthink it
Choose one observation that you would like to understand further and ask a why question.
A hypothesis is
An educated guess based on observations to answer the ‘why’ question.
Hypothesis is denoted by
‘H’ with a subscript if there are more than 1
you cannot prove that your hypothesis is ____, but you can prove that it is ____.
right, wrong
You cannot ____ your hypothesis, you can only _____ it
prove, support
Making a prediction predicts
the outcome of an experiment
Experiments need 3 types of variables
- The Independent variable
- The Dependent variable
- Controlled variables
The independent variable is
The variable that is being manipulated in the experiment
The experimental group should
determine whether the independent variable has the effect that you expected according to your hypothesis.
The control group will provide
a base for comparison with the experimental group(s).