Lecture: HYPOXIA, MEDIC ALERT, AND ERP

Question 1

What is aptosis?

Answer 1

It is the programmed cell death

Question 2

What is hypoxia?

Answer 2

Low or inadequtate oxygen delivery to the tissue cells (vital organs like heart, lungs have a lack of oxygen)

Question 3

What is the triangle of life?

Answer 3

Head, heart lungs

Question 4

What is regional vs general hypoxia

Answer 4

regional : reduced oxygen to one spefific area

general: whole body is lacking oxygen

Question 5

what are the causes of hypoxia

Answer 5

inadequate oxygenation: lack of oxygen in atmosphere or hypoventilation)

pulmonary disease

venous to arterial shunts

inadequate oxygen transport to tissues (anemia, general/localized circulatory deficiency, tissue oedema)

inadequate tissue capability of using oxygen (ec

Question 6

Early stages of hypoxia

Answer 6

RATT
r=restlessness
a= anxiety
t=tachycardia (heart rate over 100 bpm)
t=tachypnea (faster breathing rate)

Question 7

Late stages of hypoxia

Answer 7

BEDC
b=bradycardia (heart rate under 60 bpm)
e=extreme restlessness
d= dyspnea (slow breathing rate) 
c=cyanosis (extremities  and lips will turn blue)

Question 8

Effects of hypoxia (severe and less severe)

Answer 8

severe: can cause death of cells in body

less severe: depressed mental capacity, sometimes coma
reduced work capacity of muscles

Question 9

Does high levels of altitude affect oxygen>

Answer 9

Yes, low oxygen pressure at high altitudes

normal for breathing and pulse rate to compensate

Question 10

True or false: use of accessory breathing muscles is a sign of possible hypoxia

Answer 10

True

Question 11

IS cyanosis a late or early sign of hypoxia?

Answer 11

LATE SIGN

Question 12

When can hypoxia be seen (scenarios)

Answer 12

Myocardial infarction
Pulmonary edema
Acute narcotic overdose
Smoke inhilation
Stroke
Chest injury
Shock
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

Question 13

What are signs of laboured breathing?

Answer 13

accessory muscles
 cyanosis
cool, clammy skin
uneven in/exhale
lung sounds

Question 14

What is agonal breathing

Answer 14

Occasional gasping breaths even when heart has stopped.

Impulses still from the brain

Question 15

What is cheyne-strokes breathing

Answer 15

it is a Irregular pattern of breathing from head trauma or stroke.

Increased rate and depth of breathing, followed by apnea
(no spontaneous breathing).

Question 16

EXplain look read call of MEDIC ALERT

Answer 16

1) look for a medic alaert with the certified medic alert logo
2) read the vital medical information on the back
3) call the 24/7 emergency hotline to provide you with all the vital information

Question 17

Where can the medic alert bracelet be worn?

Answer 17

Neck, ankle, wrist

Question 18

What does ERP stand for? What does EAP stand for>

Answer 18

Emergency response plan

Emergency action plan

Question 19

What are some elements involved in an ERP>

Answer 19

Knowledge of injuries (for that event) 
Medical history & athlete info 
Facility safety (directions and entrances
First aid equipment & supplies 
Responsibilities (charge and call person)
Evaluation & Treatment
Communication
Transportation

Question 20

When should an ERP be activated?

Answer 20

UNCONCIOUS or serious injury

Question 21

What are the 3 types of risks in sport and explain

Answer 21

Moderate risk: sports with intermittent close contact
minimum risk: might have occasional hits, wont be often calling 911
severe risk: SPORTS THAT INVOLVE SPEED, HEIGHT AND A HIGH LEVEL OF PHYSICAL EXERTION

Question 22

Is it important in your ERP to know the rules of the sport>

Answer 22

Yes it is importnant to know th eprotocols and the rules for if you are allowed to supply treatment without affecting the game

Question 23

What do the pre season examination and medical questionnaires assess?

Answer 23

• Medical History
• Pre-existing conditions
• Underlying conditions
• Fit/safe to participate
• Treat conditions
• Legal liability

Question 24

What is part of the inspection of facilities

Answer 24

know emergency exits
direct routes to area
clear of clutter and wide enough for equipment to go through

Question 25

What is part of communication>

Answer 25

Talking to security and front office people

Question 26

What is part of scene safety and PPE

Answer 26

must have Personal Protective equipment (PPE) | must assess Scene hazards- environmental, physical

Question 27

What are the parts of a trauma kit

Answer 27

* Patient Monitoring Equipment * Wound Care * Medications * AED * Spinal board equipment * Pocket mask * BVM * Oxygen kit * Airway equipment- OPA, endotracheal * Splints/immobilization devices * Blankets * Scissors

Question 28

What are some important items in your fanny pack?

Answer 28

``` Things you need quickly/dependant on sport – Gloves – Gauze – Pocket mask – OPA – Athletic Tape – Scissors – Band aid ```

Question 29

What are the parts of delegating responsibility

Answer 29

-Charge person (boss of situation) – Control person (controlling crowd) – Call person (charge phones, call 911) – Equipment person (bringing in all the equpment) – Assistant(s) (delegate and recrit if needeed, explain ERP and post it everywhere)

Question 30

What is part of proper evaluation and treatment?

Answer 30

-Do your job and treat the injury – Stay within your scope of practice – Know when to activate advanced care

Question 31

Why is communication an important part of the ERP

Answer 31

– Responder is link between athlete and rest of health care team comminates to patient/athlete, support staff, EMT/Ambulance,MD, parents IMPORTANT TO Keep calm and confident

Question 32

What are the 10 golden rules of communication?>

Answer 32

1) Make eye contact 2) Use proper name 3) Tell the truth! 4) Be understood 5) Be careful what is said to others 6) Body language 7) Speak slow and clear 8) Hearing impaired 9) Allow time for answer 10) Be calm and confident

Question 33

What are the elements of transportation

Answer 33

with EMT/Ambulance: -Responder assists in preparing for transport – Debrief paramedics with a friend: – Provide map to hospital (PRINTED)

Question 34

What are the 8 steps of the ERP in resume

Answer 34

1. Address of location 2. Venue Directions (include map and ambulance entrances) 3. Location of AED’s and trauma equipment, phone access 4. Roles of response team (Charge, Retrieval of equipment, Call person, Person who will meet ambulance) 5. Steps to active E.R.P (Include security) 6. Directions to hospital for self travel 7. Report properly to EMS 8. Follow up with athlete/parents/coach

Question 35

What does prepare stand for?

Answer 35

``` P=personel r=rules e=equipment (removal if needed) p= planning (printed) a= arena (inspect area) r= rehersal (mock up before) e=evaluate and educate ```