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CATA 262 > Lecture 1+2: Facial injuries > Flashcards

Lecture 1+2: Facial injuries Flashcards

1
Q

what is the percentage of injuries related to the face

A

between 11-40%

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2
Q

WHAT ARE THE 4 common facial injuries

A

soft tissue (8%)
fracture
dental
eye injury

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3
Q

what are the types of soft tissue injuries to the face

A

contusions,abraisions, lacerations, avulsions, hematomas

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4
Q

what are teh common facial structures for fractures

A

Nasal
maxilla
mandible
zygomatic

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5
Q

what are the types of detail injuries

A

tooth displacement
tooth avulsion
tooth fracture

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6
Q

What are the 2 common mechanism of injuries for facial injuries

A

blunt force trauma

forces transmitted to the head

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7
Q

what is the mecanism of injuri for soft tissue facial injuries

A

direct contact occurs with

  • another player
  • piece of equipment
  • playinf surface
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8
Q

true or false: facial contusions are a distracting injury

A

true, must assess what is underneath

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9
Q

facial contusions have varryinf degrees of:

A

tenderness,
swelling
ecchymosis

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10
Q

true false and why: you do not apply ice to a facial contusion

A

false, apply ice for 15-20 minutes to try to control the swelling

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11
Q

how long does a facial contusion take to resolve?

A

several days to weeks

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12
Q

what is the MOI for a facial abraision

A

shearing forces

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13
Q

what is the treament for a facial abraision

A
  • inspect
  • clean
  • remove any forreign material
  • topical antibiotic ointment
  • MONITOR FOR WOUND INFECTIONS
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14
Q

when should you refer someone to a doctor for a facial abraision

A

if it has not healed after 14 days

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15
Q

WHAT are some common signs of infection

A 
redness
swelling
warmttth
pain/tenderness
draining
foul odor
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16
Q

what is eschar

A

dead tissue found in full thickness wound

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17
Q

where are the common areas for facial avulsion

A

nose, ear, lip

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18
Q

how to treat an avulsion

A

recover avulsed/missing piece
wrap in saline mositerned gauze in a bag on ice
stop the bleeding on the pattient

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19
Q

what is a septal hematoma

A

inspect after a nasal trauma

appears as a purple, grape like swlling from the nasal septum

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20
Q

what are the symptoms of a septal hematoma

A

nasal obstruction, pain, rhinorrhead (runny nose), and fever

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21
Q

what is a facial hematoma

A

collection of blood within muscle, facial and dermal layers

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22
Q

where are the most common places we see facial hematomas

A

over the zygomatic and periorbital regions

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23
Q

what is the treatment for a facial hematoma

A

application of ice and compression

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24
Q

when someone has a facial hematoma, what should you monitor for

A

expansion, overlying skin necrosis, infection

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25
what is a auricular hematoma (cauliflower ear)
a pooling of blood in ear
26
how do you treat a auricular hematoma
can be training or surgery | can also use a flexible collodion
27
true or false: an untreated hematoma can lead lead to a cauiflow ear?
true
28
what is the mecanism of the eye contusion
blow to the eye
29
tyrue or false: when you see an eye contusion you do not need to do an examination of the surrounding structures?
false, always examine the eye, bones around and the head
30
what is the treatment for an eye contusion
ice and rest
31
which MOI for a NASAL fracture is more severe?
frontal blow
32
explain the LATERAL BLOW mecanism of injury forNASAL fractures
more common less severe damage better prognosis
33
explain the FRONTAL BLOW mecanism of injury for NASAL fractures
less common more severe damge and residual deformiti assoicated to poor prognosis
34
what are the symptoms of a nasal fracture
``` Pain  Nosebleeds  Swelling  Bruising  Deformity / deviation / asymmetry  inability to breathe through the nose  Epiphora  Oedema  Skin laceration  other facial fractures  septal hematoma ```
35
understand the palpation and reduction slides for nasal fracture
kmfs
36
what is a mandibular fracture
usually dislocation of temporal mandibular joint
37
what are the observations for a mandibular fracture
``` Deformity • change in bite • Jaw mobility • Swelling • Bruising • Bleeding • Pain ```
38
what is the percentage of people who have a madibular fracture also have a fracutre somewehre else
60%
39
true or false: Visible step off is not a observation of a mandibular fracture
false
40
what type of bandage do you se for a mandibular fracture
barton bandage
41
what is the MOI for an orbital frac ture
blow to the eye
42
what is the treatment for an orbital fracture
immediate refereal to doctor
43
what are the signs and symptoms of orbital fracture
``` Infraorbital numbness Skin and muscle damage Diplopia Ecchymosis Edema Enophthalmos ```
44
what is enophthalmos?
post displacement of the eyeball within the orbit
45
true or false; BOTH immediate blindness and delyaed loss of vision is possible in an orbital fracture
true
46
what is the treatment for a tooth displacement
put affected tooth back into place as normal a position as possible
47
what equipment can be used to protect against tooth injuries
mouthguard
48
what are the 2 MOI for eye injuries
blunt trauma | sharp/penetrating trauma
49
what are the signs and symptoms of an eye injury
``` Blurred vision Peripheral vision Flashes = retinal detachment Double vision Focusing bad visual accuity ```
50
what are the eye injury examinations
```  Any penetrating or foreign object  Swelling (intra-ocular)  Inspect the stuctures  Palpate around  PERRLA  Check eye movements ```
51
true or false: you do not need expert care for a lid laceration
false
52
what are some examples of eye injuries
``` Extruded eye  Detached retina  Macular injury (central part of retina)  Vitreous hemorrhage  Irregular pupils  Corneal laceration, abrasion, foreign body  Eyelid eversion  Conjunctival foreign body  Iris injury  Lens trauma  Hyphema  Subconjonctival bleeding ```
53
No return to play with an eye injury if...
```  Blurry vision  Double vision  Flashers or floaters  Light sensitivity  Abnormal penlight exam ```
54
true or false: there are no protectve equipment against facial injuries?
false
55
what is blephartis
inflatmation of the eyelids
56
what are some associated causes to blephartis
``` Clogging of oil glands in the eyelids which causes inflammation  Dandruff of the scalp and eyebrows  Bacterial infection  Mites in eyebrows and eyelashes.  Rosacea - redness of face  Allergic reactions to certain eye medications, contact lens solutions or eye makeup ```
57
what are the symptoms of blephartis
``` Watering of eyes  Red eyes  A gritty, burning or stinging sensation in the eyes  Eyelids that appears greasy  Itchy eyelids  Red, swollen eyelids  More frequent blinking  Crusted eyelashes upon awakening  Flaking of the skin around the eyes  Sensitivity to light  Scarring of eyelid margin  Abnormal direction of growth of eyelashes  Loss of eyelashes  Infection or erosions of cornea (anterior most layer of the eyeball) ```
58
what is the treatment for blepharitis
-Referral to optometrist for in depth examination -Usually resolves with self care of eyelid hygiene -topical medications are prescribed only if necessary to control infection and inflammation -underlying causes ? (allergy, dandruff, rosacea)
59
what is subconjunctival hemorrahage
breakage of small blood vessel below the clear surface of the eye
60
what are some actions that cause small blood vessels to riupture
```  Violent coughing  Powerful sneezing  Straining  Vomiting (rubbing, truama) ```
61
what are the signs and symptoms of subjunctival hemmorage
• Looks scary and alarming • Bright red patch in the sclera • Scratchy feeling on the surface of the eye
62
whaat is the treatment for subjunctival hemmorage
no treatment required • supportive care • monitoring for changes and improvement

CATA 262 (17 decks)

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