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CATA 262 > Lecture 1+2: Facial injuries > Flashcards

Lecture 1+2: Facial injuries Flashcards

1
Q

what is the percentage of injuries related to the face

A

between 11-40%

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2
Q

WHAT ARE THE 4 common facial injuries

A

soft tissue (8%)
fracture
dental
eye injury

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3
Q

what are the types of soft tissue injuries to the face

A

contusions,abraisions, lacerations, avulsions, hematomas

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4
Q

what are teh common facial structures for fractures

A

Nasal
maxilla
mandible
zygomatic

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5
Q

what are the types of detail injuries

A

tooth displacement
tooth avulsion
tooth fracture

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6
Q

What are the 2 common mechanism of injuries for facial injuries

A

blunt force trauma

forces transmitted to the head

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7
Q

what is the mecanism of injuri for soft tissue facial injuries

A

direct contact occurs with

  • another player
  • piece of equipment
  • playinf surface
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8
Q

true or false: facial contusions are a distracting injury

A

true, must assess what is underneath

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9
Q

facial contusions have varryinf degrees of:

A

tenderness,
swelling
ecchymosis

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10
Q

true false and why: you do not apply ice to a facial contusion

A

false, apply ice for 15-20 minutes to try to control the swelling

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11
Q

how long does a facial contusion take to resolve?

A

several days to weeks

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12
Q

what is the MOI for a facial abraision

A

shearing forces

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13
Q

what is the treament for a facial abraision

A
  • inspect
  • clean
  • remove any forreign material
  • topical antibiotic ointment
  • MONITOR FOR WOUND INFECTIONS
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14
Q

when should you refer someone to a doctor for a facial abraision

A

if it has not healed after 14 days

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15
Q

WHAT are some common signs of infection

A 
redness
swelling
warmttth
pain/tenderness
draining
foul odor
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16
Q

what is eschar

A

dead tissue found in full thickness wound

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17
Q

where are the common areas for facial avulsion

A

nose, ear, lip

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18
Q

how to treat an avulsion

A

recover avulsed/missing piece
wrap in saline mositerned gauze in a bag on ice
stop the bleeding on the pattient

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19
Q

what is a septal hematoma

A

inspect after a nasal trauma

appears as a purple, grape like swlling from the nasal septum

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20
Q

what are the symptoms of a septal hematoma

A

nasal obstruction, pain, rhinorrhead (runny nose), and fever

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21
Q

what is a facial hematoma

A

collection of blood within muscle, facial and dermal layers

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22
Q

where are the most common places we see facial hematomas

A

over the zygomatic and periorbital regions

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23
Q

what is the treatment for a facial hematoma

A

application of ice and compression

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24
Q

when someone has a facial hematoma, what should you monitor for

A

expansion, overlying skin necrosis, infection

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25
Q

what is a auricular hematoma (cauliflower ear)

A

a pooling of blood in ear

26
Q

how do you treat a auricular hematoma

A

can be training or surgery

can also use a flexible collodion

27
Q

true or false: an untreated hematoma can lead lead to a cauiflow ear?

A

true

28
Q

what is the mecanism of the eye contusion

A

blow to the eye

29
Q

tyrue or false: when you see an eye contusion you do not need to do an examination of the surrounding structures?

A

false, always examine the eye, bones around and the head

30
Q

what is the treatment for an eye contusion

A

ice and rest

31
Q

which MOI for a NASAL fracture is more severe?

A

frontal blow

32
Q

explain the LATERAL BLOW mecanism of injury forNASAL fractures

A

more common
less severe damage
better prognosis

33
Q

explain the FRONTAL BLOW mecanism of injury for NASAL fractures

A

less common
more severe damge and residual deformiti
assoicated to poor prognosis

34
Q

what are the symptoms of a nasal fracture

A 
Pain
 Nosebleeds
 Swelling
 Bruising
 Deformity / deviation / asymmetry
 inability to breathe through the nose
 Epiphora
 Oedema
 Skin laceration
 other facial fractures
 septal hematoma
35
Q

understand the palpation and reduction slides for nasal fracture

A

kmfs

36
Q

what is a mandibular fracture

A

usually dislocation of temporal mandibular joint

37
Q

what are the observations for a mandibular fracture

A 
Deformity
• change in bite
• Jaw mobility
• Swelling
• Bruising
• Bleeding
• Pain
38
Q

what is the percentage of people who have a madibular fracture also have a fracutre somewehre else

A

60%

39
Q

true or false: Visible step off is not a observation of a mandibular fracture

A

false

40
Q

what type of bandage do you se for a mandibular fracture

A

barton bandage

41
Q

what is the MOI for an orbital frac ture

A

blow to the eye

42
Q

what is the treatment for an orbital fracture

A

immediate refereal to doctor

43
Q

what are the signs and symptoms of orbital fracture

A 
Infraorbital numbness
Skin and muscle damage
Diplopia
Ecchymosis
Edema
Enophthalmos
44
Q

what is enophthalmos?

A

post displacement of the eyeball within the orbit

45
Q

true or false; BOTH immediate blindness and delyaed loss of vision is possible in an orbital fracture

A

true

46
Q

what is the treatment for a tooth displacement

A

put affected tooth back into place as normal a position as possible

47
Q

what equipment can be used to protect against tooth injuries

A

mouthguard

48
Q

what are the 2 MOI for eye injuries

A

blunt trauma

sharp/penetrating trauma

49
Q

what are the signs and symptoms of an eye injury

A 
Blurred vision
Peripheral vision
Flashes = retinal detachment
Double vision
Focusing
bad visual accuity
50
Q

what are the eye injury examinations

A 
 Any penetrating or foreign object
 Swelling (intra-ocular)
 Inspect the stuctures
 Palpate around
 PERRLA
 Check eye movements
51
Q

true or false: you do not need expert care for a lid laceration

A

false

52
Q

what are some examples of eye injuries

A 
Extruded eye
 Detached retina
 Macular injury (central part of retina)
 Vitreous hemorrhage
 Irregular pupils
 Corneal laceration, abrasion, foreign body
 Eyelid eversion
 Conjunctival foreign body
 Iris injury
 Lens trauma
 Hyphema
 Subconjonctival bleeding
53
Q

No return to play with an eye injury if…

A 
 Blurry vision
 Double vision
 Flashers or floaters
 Light sensitivity
 Abnormal penlight exam
54
Q

true or false: there are no protectve equipment against facial injuries?

A

false

55
Q

what is blephartis

A

inflatmation of the eyelids

56
Q

what are some associated causes to blephartis

A 
Clogging of oil glands in the eyelids
which causes inflammation
 Dandruff of the scalp and eyebrows
 Bacterial infection
 Mites in eyebrows and eyelashes.
 Rosacea - redness of face
 Allergic reactions to certain eye
medications, contact lens solutions or
eye makeup
57
Q

what are the symptoms of blephartis

A 
Watering of eyes
 Red eyes
 A gritty, burning or stinging
sensation in the eyes
 Eyelids that appears greasy
 Itchy eyelids
 Red, swollen eyelids
 More frequent blinking
 Crusted eyelashes upon
awakening
 Flaking of the skin around
the eyes
 Sensitivity to light
 Scarring of eyelid margin
 Abnormal direction of
growth of eyelashes
 Loss of eyelashes
 Infection or erosions of
cornea (anterior most
layer of the eyeball)
58
Q

what is the treatment for blepharitis

A

-Referral to optometrist for in depth examination
-Usually resolves with self care of eyelid hygiene
-topical medications are prescribed only if necessary to control
infection and inflammation
-underlying causes ? (allergy, dandruff, rosacea)

59
Q

what is subconjunctival hemorrahage

A

breakage of small blood vessel below the clear surface of the eye

60
Q

what are some actions that cause small blood vessels to riupture

A 
 Violent coughing
 Powerful sneezing
 Straining
 Vomiting
(rubbing, truama)
61
Q

what are the signs and symptoms of subjunctival hemmorage

A

• Looks scary and alarming
• Bright red patch in the sclera
• Scratchy feeling on the surface
of the eye

62
Q

whaat is the treatment for subjunctival hemmorage

A

no treatment required
• supportive care
• monitoring for changes and
improvement

CATA 262 (17 decks)

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