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CATA 262 > lecture 7+8: musculo skeletal > Flashcards

lecture 7+8: musculo skeletal Flashcards

1
Q

how does MS injuries come from overuse

A

repetive use (daily stress on tendond, bones, ligaments)

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2
Q

how does MS injuries come from tramatic

A

sudden and violentional

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3
Q

when do oversue injuries happen

A

cant pinpoint a time or day

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4
Q

when do traumatic ms injuries hap[en

A

during an accident

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5
Q

what are common joint sites for overuse injuries

A

leg
knee
shoulder
elbow

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6
Q

what areht eh common sites for traumatic injuries

A

everywhere

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7
Q

what are the overuse injruies warning signs

A

muscle stiff/soreness
bone joint pain
whole body fatigue.

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8
Q

what is the defition of etiology

A

describe the process through which an injury or diseaase originates

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9
Q

what are the 2 forces for MOI

A

1) external (injury)

2) internal (disease)

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10
Q

what are the mechanism forces that can cause ms injuries

A

compression (froce that crushes)
tension (force that pulls and stretches trissues)
shearing (force that moves across the parallel plane of fibers)

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11
Q

explain macrotaumatic events

A

single force
(ex: ankle spain, shoulder dislocation, knee strain)
ACUTE

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12
Q

EXPLAIN microtraumatic events

A

overuse

ex: carpal tunnel ,tennis elbow, golders elbow
- chronic

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13
Q

which even causes acute injury

A

macrotraumatic events

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14
Q

what pain is assocatied with msucle

A

cramping, dull, aching, worse witH RESISTED MOVEMENT

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15
Q

what pain is assoaicted with logaments/ joint capsules

A

cramping dull aching that gets worse with PASSIVE MOVEMENT

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16
Q

what pain is assocaited with nerve root

A

nerve root

sharp shooting

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17
Q

what pain is assocaited with nervres

A

nerves

sharp lightning like, travelling pain

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18
Q

what pain is assocaited with bone

A

deep
nagging
poorly locatlized

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19
Q

what pain is assocaited with fracure

A

sharp
severe
unable to take eight

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20
Q

what pain is assoatied with vasculature

A

throbbing

dissufe

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21
Q

what is the MOi for contusion

A

compression

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22
Q

what are the bases for rating severity based in ROM

A

1st: little to no resitrction to ROM
2: noticeable reduction to ROM
3: severe restriction

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23
Q

can you return with a 1st degress contusion

A

yes

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24
Q

whatis the convern with contusions

A

can lead to muscle strain

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25
Q

what are s+s of contusion

A

swelling
hematoma
acut
ecchymosys

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26
Q

explain first degree contision

A

sup tissues crushed
milk (if any) weakness
milk loss of function
no restricted ROm

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27
Q

eexplain second degree contusion

A

superfial and some deep tissue crushed
mild to mod weakness
moderate loss of function
dereasd ROM

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28
Q

explain 3rd degree contusions

A

deep tissues crushed, muscle rupture
mod to severe weakness
severe loss of function
severe decrease ROM

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29
Q

what is a sprain

A

stregnth/tear of lig

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30
Q

what is a straign

A

stretch/ tear of a muscle

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31
Q

what is the MOI for sprains and strans

A

tension for

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32
Q

where is the most common site for a strain tear

A

near musculotendonous junction

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33
Q

where is the common site for a sprain tear

A

sites will varu

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34
Q

what is the key factor in determining sprain and strain

A

magnitude of force and corss secrtional area

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35
Q

what are the 3 grades of sprained

A

1: small tears
2) large but incomplete tear
3) complete tear

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36
Q

what is more common, inversion vs eversion sprain

A

inversion (more space to do movement)

since fibular is lower it stops eversion

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37
Q

an inversion spray means an injury to…

A

LATERAL LIGS

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38
Q

an eversion sptain/strain means injury to …

A

meddial/deltoid ligaments

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39
Q

valgus stress causes the knee to move…

A

inwards

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40
Q

what is a common injury with valgus stress

A

AACl injury

medial collateral loig

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41
Q

varus stress causes theknee to move…

A

outwards

42
Q

what are common injuryies with a varus force

A

pcl

lateral collateral

43
Q

true or fasel: in 3rd degree strains, there is no pain in stretching/contraction

A

true because eveyrthing is torn

44
Q

what are the chracteristics of a 1st degree strain

A 
few fibiers torn
milk weakneess, spaslm, loss of function and sweeling
no  paplape effect 
mild pain on contraction
PAIN ON STRETCHED with decreaased ROM
45
Q

what are the characteristics of 2nd degree strain

A 
nearly half down 
moderate weakness, spasm ,swlling 
no  palpate defect
moderate/sever pain on contraction and stretnch 
decreased ROM
46
Q

what are chacrateritis of 3rd degree straigns

A 
all torn 
severe weakeness, spaasm, function, swelling 
palpable effect 
no  pain on contact or stretch 
rom depends on swelling
47
Q

if you tear a tendon of a muscle at the insertion you dont need surgery

A

false

48
Q

if you tear a muscle at the origin, you ALWAYS need surgery

A

false, depends on the situatiin

49
Q

if there is a milk strain, can the athelte go back

A

yes but need tape

50
Q

will you do surgery for mcl

A

probably not but for acl yes

51
Q

what are the classificaitons of msucle injuries

A

grade 1
grade 2
grade 3

52
Q

what are the calssficiation for overuse injury

A

stage 1: pain only after activtiy
stage 2: pain during but doesnt restrict performatnce
stage 3: pain during and restrics
stage 4: chronic constant pain even at rest

53
Q

what is a high ankle sprain

A

sydesmostic sprain

high than ankle, close to tibia and fibula ini interosseas

54
Q

what is the MOI for a high ankle sprain

A

forced dorsi and eversion

55
Q

what ligaments will be injuryed during high ankle sprain

A

interoesse and anteripr tibiofibular lig

56
Q

what is more common, inversion or high ankle

A

inversion

57
Q

why.do yu see alot of high ankle sprains in football and soccer

A

increased traction provided by turf

flexible celats

58
Q

why do high ankles sprains that longer to heal;

A

the ligaments are bigger, thicker and bear more support.

59
Q

what is the most common amount of weeks missed to high ankle sprain

A

3 weeks

60
Q

what is the general on field assessment of atheltic injury

A

approach and abcs
HOPPS
hisotry
observation (looking for swelling, deformtions, discolouration
p: palpate genrally the structures
P; rule out any obviuos farctures and do range of motion (affected side only with proper movements)
special tests

61
Q

what are the different methods to be carried offfield

A

walk
support
carried
on a board

62
Q

explain HOPSS off field

A 
history (sample opqrst)
observation: expose and check for diff
p:ROM (bilarterally with resisted)
S: special tests for both side
specficic palpation
63
Q

if an athelte can return to play after strpain strain etc, what is needed

A

suppoert and protection

64
Q

when should an athelete no be allowed to RTP

A

signigicant pain or decreased ROM
muscle weakness
positive special tests
symptoms getting worse

65
Q

what is the treament for muscles and ligaments

A 
RICE 
Rest (limit agravation, crutches)
I: ice to decrease main 
compression 
elecate above heard
66
Q

how should the compressive wrap be placed for sprains and strains

A

in shortenerd or. neutral postion

67
Q

what is the compressive wrap position for contusion

A

stretched psotion

68
Q

what arae the rules for a tensor bangage

A

apply distal to prox
check pmsc before and after
dont take off at night
overlap ur wraps

69
Q

what is inflammation

A

bodys response to protect itself again

70
Q

what are two 2 main fypes of imflatmmation

A

acute aand chrnoic

71
Q

explain acute inflammation

A

comes from things lile
CUTS, ALLERGY, BURN, IRRITATINS, FORST BITE, TRAUMA

goes away within hours or days

72
Q

explain chronic inflammation

A

comes from CV, arthritic, depression ,cancer, alzheiners

can least months and years evena fter the trigger is gone

73
Q

what are the cardinal signs of inflmation

A 
heat (only for extremetteis)
erythema (redness)
pain
 edema/swelling 
loss of fucntion
74
Q

what is erythema

A

redness of skin caused by increased blood flow (hyperemia)

75
Q

what are the 2 parts of the prcess of healing

A

1) regenetaion (proliferatio)2

2) repair (granulation, scar tissue)

76
Q

what is the def of heling

A

replacement of destroyed tissue by living tissue in the body

77
Q

what are the general healing phases

A

1) injury.bleeding phase
2) inflammatory response phase (0-4 days)
repart phase (4-6 weeks)
remodelling phase (3w to 2 years)

78
Q

what is the acronym for heating/inflammtion

A

sharp

swelling, heat, altered function, redness, pain

79
Q

what is the 1st phase and explain it

A

inflammatory response phase
lasts 0-4 fays
lookig for SHARP
infmattion of blood lymph, plasma edema

80
Q

whatr is another name for the rice principle

A

pier princicle

pressure, ice, elevate,rest

81
Q

explain the rest needed

A

decrease stress of affected injury but can train other non affected areas
want to protect the injury place

82
Q

when do you use ice

A

acute

83
Q

when do you use heat

A

chronic

84
Q

should atheletes return to sport after applying ice

A

after ice you will be at a performance disadcatnge

use shorter cooling application

85
Q

what are the affects of ice on returning to play

A

decrease in stregnth
adversly affected speed, power and agiility tasts
decreased upper limb dexiertery and accurary

86
Q

how long should ice be left

A

less than 20 minutes20-60 minutes dependant on adipose tissue

87
Q

what is the goal of ice

A

protect from fruther damage and decrease further swelling , pain, spsasm, neural inhibiton

88
Q

true or false: reusable ice packs should be shred

A

false, transfer of baceria

89
Q

true or false; instant ice packs should be used iwth cold wet towel

A

true, to better transfer the cold

90
Q

gel backs should BLANK be applied directly to the skin

A

should not

91
Q

what type of ice can be directly applied to the skin

A

crushed ice

92
Q

whaaat should be put on top of ice

A

compress it with a towel or elastic wrap to insulte and compress it

93
Q

what is the order of perceptoon after applying ice

A

cold
burning/tingling
aching/throb
numbness (after 5 min

94
Q

what is the goal of putting compression

A

decreased swelling

95
Q

should you use plastic wrap for rice

A

no

96
Q

what is the fucntion of elevation

A

decrease pressure in local blood vessels

drainage of lumbaphtic system

97
Q

how high should the limb be elevated

A

6-12 incheses against gravity above heart

98
Q

how far should crutches be under armpit

A

2-3 fingers

99
Q

what should the degree of arm flexion be on curtches

A

10-20

100
Q

what should the total crutch length be

A

should equal the distance from the aimrpit to about 6 inchess in front of a show

101
Q

true or false: crutches should lean into the axialla and rest weight on shoulders

A

false, carrying weight on axilla can cause contusions and nerve damamge

CATA 262 (17 decks)

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