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CATA 262 > lecture 5+6: spinal injuries and evaluation > Flashcards

lecture 5+6: spinal injuries and evaluation Flashcards

1
Q

true or false: rule out spinal before conussion

A

false

rule out concussion first

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2
Q

what are some functions of the spine

A 
protects spinal cord
maintains posture
allows movemnt
shock absorption (disks)
attachment for muscles
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3
Q

whoch cervicals are more liekly to be injured

A

c1 and c2

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4
Q

if athelte is unconcious…

A

always assume spinal

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5
Q

c4 injury

A

complete paralysis below neck

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6
Q

c6 injury

A

partial paralysis of hands and arms as well as lower body

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7
Q

t6 injury

A

paralassis below chest

paralpgia

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8
Q

l1 injuries

A

results in paralysis below waist

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9
Q

what sports are more likely to have thorasic/lumbar spinal injiries

A

snowboarding and skiing

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10
Q

what are the 4 types of injuries that can happen to the spine

A

1) compression fracures (wednege compression/total flattening)
2) fracures (small frags of bones)
3) subluxation (partial disslocation)
4) overstressitng.tearing ligs and msucles

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11
Q

what are some MOi for spinal inkiryes

A 
axial loading 
hyperflexion
hyperexntision
hyperrotation
lateral bending
overelongation of spine
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12
Q

explain flexion with axial compession

A

most common
veretbral body fractures burn psoterior to the spinal cord
ex: hockey, football , diving

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13
Q

what the problem with flexion and axial load

A

in flexion

force is not distributed normally, can cmpress a nerve and cause injury

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14
Q

explain extrension with compression

A

causes compression fracure to arch and spinal

rupture anterior long. lig

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15
Q

where is the force distributed in extension w compression

A

not on the body, on the vertebra

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16
Q

explain rotation and hyperxntion

A

facemask iinjury can cause fracutres and dislocation

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17
Q

where is rotation and hyperextension common

A

common in helmet sports

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18
Q

what does sudden lateral bending cause

A

injury to brachial plexus

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19
Q

what is a burner or stinger caused by

A

stretch or compression injury to the bracial plexius

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20
Q

what is the brachial plexus from and responsible for

A

c5-t1

responsible for cutaneous and muscular innervation of upper lumb

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21
Q

what are the sumptoms of the stinger

A

severe burnign pain

prickly that radiates to beck and arms and fingers

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22
Q

what are the red dlag symptoms of stingers

A

shoulder weakness and muscle and tenderness of neck

experiences hours/days past injury

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23
Q

what sports is stingers common in

A

football
wrestling
HOCKER

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24
Q

what are the 2 mechanisms for stringers

A

stretch and compression

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25
what is the stretcnh mechanism for stringers
lateral flexion of head and depression of the shoulder
26
what is the compression mechanism of stinger
head is lateral compression but shoulder of the same side is compressed (elevating shoulder)
27
what is typical posture for burner
depressed shoulder
28
what are the 3 degrees of brachial plexus injuries
1) 1st degress (neuraplaxia) 2) 2nd degress (axonotmesis) 3) 3rd degress (neurotmesis
29
what is neuroplaxia and prognosis
=cervical nerve pinch/stretch syndrome temporary loss of sensation/motor function without structural changes recoverey without a few days to weeks
30
what are the signs and prognosis for axonotmesis
significant motor and mild sensoty decificts causes axonal damage defecit lasts 2 weeks (slow regrowth but normal function is usually resotred)
31
what are the signs and prognosis for neurotmesis
motor and sensoty deficits persist for up to 1 year nerve lacerated/avulsed poor prognosis (surgical intervention)
32
what is the most common brachial blexus injury
neuropraxia
33
what are the signs and symtoms of neuroplaxia
``` burning, tingling, numbess shoulder to hand loss of function and sensation transcient (should go away) change in grip strength ```
34
low long does mild neuroplaxia
lasts seconds to minutes
35
how long does moderate neuroplaxia last
minutes/hours
36
how long does severe neuropraxia last
unresolved at 12 h
37
if you have mild or moderate neuroprxia, you cannot return to tplay
false, you can
38
how can you help RTP for neuropraxia
ice
39
what is grade 2/2nd degress 9axonotmesis
degeneration of the axon (cut away from the stretch) | but nerve sheat is still intact
40
true or false: recovery is possible with grade 2
true
41
what are the signs and symptomms of axonotmesis
numbness, tingling, affected function | long nerves have great healing time than shorts
42
true or false: 2nd degress/axonotmesis is rare within athletics
true
43
how long does it take for full strength and senstation for axonotmesis to be re gained
6 weeks-6 months
44
are you sent to the hos[ital for grade 2
yes
45
true or false: permament nerve damage occurs in 1st degree
false | in grade 3
46
what is grade 3/ neurotmesis
complete cut of nerve fiber and steath | immediate loss of snestation
47
what is the TX for neurotmesis
ice and neurosurgery
48
what are the 2 subsets of spinal cord innjuries
primary | secondary
49
when does primary spinal cord injuries occur
at the time of impact or focre applciation
50
when does secondary injury of spinal offuce
after initial injury
51
what are some examples of spinal injury sports
``` diving football gymnastics skiing etc ```
52
what are the 4 conditions of the c spine
fractures dislocations sprains spinal stenosis
53
where are cervical fractures most common
c4 c5 c6
54
what is the MOi for cervical fracrues
axial loading | flexion of vertebral body
55
what happens imore in sports, cervical fractures or fisplcations
disclocations
56
what is MOI for disloacted
violent flexion and rotations (facets move before normal ROM)
57
what are the signs and symtpms of cervical fracure and dislocation
``` CONSIDERABLE PAIN • NUMBNESS • WEAKNESS • PARALYSIS • TILTED NECK (DISLOCATION) • MUSCLES ON SHORT SIDE (SPASM) 52 ```
58
what is the cause of cervical sprain
sudden extension or flexion | whiplash
59
what is the treatment for fracture, discloation and sprains
BOARD
60
what is transcient quadriplegia
complete loss of senstation and motor fucntion of all 4 extremeleties from neck trauma
61
what causes transcient quad.
cervical stenosis | can be congenital narrowing or devolp it
62
what can cause trans. quad if not born with it
repeated hyperflexion/extension with axial loading
63
what are the signs and symtpoms of transcient. quad
burning numb or tingling without any pain | full ROM
64
when is full recovery from transcient quad/
10-15 min
65
true or false: spinal stenosis always have signs ans symptoms
false
66
true ro false: you need medical clerance to go back to pay
true
67
what is a myotme for
motor eval (dont let me move u)
68
what does the c5 reflex test
biceps brachhi
69
what does the c6 reflex test
brachioradialis
70
what does the c7 reflex test
triceps brachi
71
what does the l4 reflex test
quads fem 9knee jerk)
72
what does the l5 reflex test
extensor digi brev
73
what does the s1 reflex test
achilles
74
what do reflexes test
integrity of tehe nervous system, sensory and motor pathways
75
expkain head stabilixation
come from facing do not cover ears prone: side of face and head on top w forearm on spine sitting: vice grip
76
explain head reallignment
side bending and roation
77
what are the 6 contraindications
``` bony block spasm increase pain increase neurological symtpmos patient doesnt want compromised airway ```
78
know how to measure collar and take off equo[
.
79
study the rolls.
/.
80
when you are boading, the short end should alway be at the hips>
true
81
what is the main steps for unconcious spinak | 1
1) ERP 2) scene survey and sagety 3) head stabile 4) abcs 5) opa and maintain airway 6) prevent shock 7) assisngment takes over head 8) head to toe palp (secondary assess) 9) baseline vitals 10) DEFG 11) immobolize 12) board
82
true or false: absense of spinal spigns means spinal ruled out
not ncessarily
83
true or false: walking is a determining factor on whether they need to be boarded
false
84
what is the general rule for boarding
THE ATHLETE WITH WEAKNESS, PERSISTENT PARESTHESIA, OR LESS THAN A FULL, PAINFREE RANGE OF CERVICAL MOTION SHOULD BE PROTECTED”
85
what are signs and symptoms of cervical fracures and dislocation
``` pain numb weakness paraylsis dislocation msucle spasm ```
86
what is the rule for cervical collar
COLLAR HAS TO BE IN-LINE WITH THE | STERNUM AND PROPERLY FITTED (open mouth)
87
what is the ked
THE K.E.D. | KENDRICK EXTRICATION DEVICE
88
what is another name for long board and what is it used ofr
spinal board | extracation

CATA 262 (17 decks)

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