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CATA 262 > Lecture 2: head and brain injuries > Flashcards

Lecture 2: head and brain injuries Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 3 meninges

A

dura
arachnoid
pia

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2
Q

what is dura

A

outermost
covers skill
highly vaascular

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3
Q

what is arachnoid

A

in between dura and pia
avasvualor
no innervation

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4
Q

what is pia

A

layer that is on top of brain

high vasucular

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5
Q

what is the subaracnoid space

A

it is a space that holds the cerebral spinal fluid whihc is imporatnt for fluidy and shock absorpition

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6
Q

what are some head and brain patholigies

A 
scalp laceration
skull fraction
brain contusuin
intracranial bleeding
concussiion
second impact syndrome
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7
Q

true or false: scalp laceraations lookworse than they actually arae

A

true

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8
Q

problems with scalp injury

A 
significant blood loss
infection
hypovolemic chock
from blunt trauma
can involve more serrois injuries
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9
Q

treatment for scalp injurt

A

gloves
pressure and sterole cause
c=compression draining

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10
Q

when would you refer a scalt injury

A

for sutures

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11
Q

what is the MOI for skull fractures

A

direct blow

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12
Q

what are some examples of skull fractures

A

linear, penetrating, depressed basal

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13
Q

when they is a skull fracature, you usually see CSF

A

true

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14
Q

where can you check for csf in skull fracture

A

ears mouth

nose eyes

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15
Q

what is battles sign

A

sign of skull fracture, brusing over mastoid process

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16
Q

what is raccon eyes aassociated with

A

ecchymosis

skull fracured

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17
Q

what taste does CSF

A

salty metallic

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18
Q

where is mastoid process

A

behind ear

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19
Q

name 5 symttoms of a skill fracures

A 
bleeding.csf leakage
swelling in the area
brushing eyes and ears
pupil size
nasuea
defmormity
incorrent speech 
balance/vision problems
hypoctension
unconcsious
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20
Q

what is the latin name for brain contusion

A

contusio cerebri

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21
Q

true or false: a brain contusion deosnt invove intracerebal hematoma

A

false, it does

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22
Q

what is more severe, concussion or brain contussion

A

brain contisuion

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23
Q

what is breain contisuion

A

structural damage to the brain

24
Q

what are the time effects for contusion

A

short long and permanetn

25
Q

what happens to the brain in a contusio

A

bleeding
swelling
increase pressure on brain

26
Q

where do cerebral contusions mostly happen

A

in frontal and temporal lobes

27
Q

what is the function of frontal lobe

A

movement impulse

personality and langauge

28
Q

what is the function of temporal lbe

A

written
hearing
memory

29
Q

what is petechial hemmorage?

A

bleeding in eye

30
Q

what is antoher name for intracranial bleeding

A

hematoma

31
Q

what does increanial bleeidn cause

A

INCEASED pressure on brain in confined space

32
Q

what are the 3 hematoma types

A

epidural hematoma
subdural
intracerebral

33
Q

if someone has intracranial bleeding, are they also unconcious

A

no

34
Q

is an epidural hematoma lifethreatihinh

A

yes

35
Q

what is rare without a skull fracture

A

epidural hematoma

36
Q

what is the location of epidural hematomy

A

between dura matter and periosteam

37
Q

what is the fastest devolloping hematoma

A

epidural

38
Q

what is the MOI for epidural hematoma

A

laceration to middle meningeal arearty

HIGH VELOCITY BLOW TO TEMPLE

39
Q

true or false: do not worry for epidural hematoma after cooncnussion

A

false

40
Q

explain talk and die for epidural hematoma

A

you have a lucid period but there is a rapid decline in LOC as bleeding causes increase pressure in brain

41
Q

what is the most common hematoma

A

subdural

42
Q

does subdural require surgery

A

yes

43
Q

where is the location of a subdural hematoma

A

outside the brain iselt between dura and arachnoid

44
Q

is subdural slow devolopping or fast

A

slow (24 hours)

45
Q

what type of intracerebal hematoma is fast devolliping

A

arterial bleed

46
Q

what type of intracerebraal hamtoa is slow developping

A

venous

47
Q

where is the location of the intracerabal hematoma

A

within the brain tissue itself

48
Q

what is the defision of intracranial pressure

A

pressure exercited by brain tissue, blood and CSF

49
Q

what is normal ICP

A

0-15 mm HG

50
Q

what are the symtpoms of intracranial pressure

A 
decreased LOC 
increase pressure of skull
increased BP
decreased HR 
motor dynduntion 9Impaired reguered)
51
Q

true or false: intracral pressure has same symptoms as shock

A

false, oppisite

52
Q

what is c=hyne strokes breaking and what is it associated with

A

intracranial pressire

slow shallow to deep and rapid and then back to slow

53
Q

true or false: posture doesnt tell you another about ICP

A

false, there will be abnromal flexion and extension of arms as a sign

54
Q

how can you decrease the pressure on the brain

A

create a burr hole

55
Q

be able to locate the 3 diff types of hematomas

A

.

56
Q

do pupils have another to do with ICP

A

yes
pupil reaction will not be norml
blurred vission

57
Q

what is the schema for increased in ICP

A

increase ICP
decrease in cerebral perfusion pressure
ishemia and hypoxia

CATA 262 (17 decks)

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