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Sleep and Dreams Psychology > Lecture Flashcards Lifespan > Flashcards

Lecture Flashcards Lifespan

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1
Q

What are the two different types of sleep seen in prenatal fetuses and infants?

A

Quiet sleep and active sleep

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2
Q

What is the reccommended amount of sleep for infants?

A

11-19 hours

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3
Q

Because the circadian rhythm is not developed yet, how does infant sleep differ from other stages?

A

they sleep dispersed throughout the day, on average 16 of 24 hours though there is a lot of variability.

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4
Q

What percentage split is seen in infant sleep?

A

50% quiet, 50% active

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5
Q

How long is the sleep cycle of infants as they develop?

A

50-60 min

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6
Q

When does consolidated sleep begin to occur?

A

between 6-9 months, including naps

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7
Q

Infants on the lower or upper end of sleep times will continue to experience being on the low or upper end for their entire lifetimes. True or False?

A

True

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8
Q

When does melatonin and cortisol production begin to develop?

A

1 month

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9
Q

when is the circadian rhythm solidified?

A

6-9 months

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10
Q

What are the six issues stated in lecture that can affect infant sleep?

A 
Night wakings
cross-cultural issues
Co-sleeping
SIDS
attachment style issues
breast vs bottle feeding
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11
Q

How much sleep is recommended for toddlers?

A

12-14 hours

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12
Q

What common infant issue is still occuring during toddlerhood?

A

Nightwaking continues.

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13
Q

What is the difference between extinction and graduated extinction?

A

Extinction is “letting them cry it out.”
Graduated extinction involves slowly increasing the amount of time between responses to slowly adapt the child to sleeping alone.

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14
Q

What can help parents establish a bedtime routine for toddlers?

A

Transitional objects (soft blankets, night light, stuffed animals, etc.)
Anicipating how parents will respond in advance
setting boundaries for when child is allowed out of bed

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15
Q

Secure attachment vs insecure attachment continues to affect toddlers. True or False?

A

True

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16
Q

What is reactive co-sleeping?

A

When a toddler begins the night sleeping in their own bed, then cries and is taken to sleep with their parents for the rest of the night.

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17
Q

What else is mentioned that can affect if toddlers sleep through the night?

A

New siblings and fear of the dark

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18
Q

What three issues are mentioned for toddlers?

A

Night waking
sleeping through the night
self soothing

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19
Q

List the five behavioral treatments mentioned to help parents of toddlers.

A 
Extinction/graduated extinction
Positive bedtime routines
Create a behavioral chain
Scheduled awakenings
Education for Parents
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20
Q

Elaborate on positive bedtime routines.

A

Use a fading bedtime (gradually longer and longer)
Use negative punishment or a response cost.
(no pool if you don’t sleep.)

21
Q

List a typical behavioral chain that helps toddlers prepare for bed.

A 
Taking a bath
putting on pajamas
singing lullabies
reading books
going to sleep
mom leaves room
22
Q

Explain scheduled awakenings.

A

recognize when the child tends to wake
schedule an awakening before the child would actually wake.
slightly rouse and comfort child 15-60 min prior to that time
gradually fade out the awakenings

23
Q

What is the recommended sleep time for preschool aged children?

A

11-13 hours

24
Q

What is the recommended sleep time for children aged 5-12?

A

5-11 hours

25
Q

What is unique about childhood sleep?

A

they sleep hard and fast, meaning they fall asleep quickly and stay asleep
Termed “best sleep of your life” by professor
Homeostatic process S builds faster and dissipates faster

26
Q

What is mentioned in the lecture about SWS in childhood?

A

get a significant amount
Peaks at 4 yrs, declines at 12-14 years
beautiful waves
morningness-eveningness starts to develop

27
Q

What two sleep issues are associated with childhood?

A

Enuresis (peeing the bed)

Somnambulism (sleep-walking)

28
Q

What strategy used in toddlerhood can help Enuresis decline in childhood?

A

scheduled awakenings

bell and pad method

29
Q

True or False. Most people outgrow sleep walking.

A

True

30
Q

What is the average range for sleep for teenagers?

A

8.5-10 hours but can vary from 7-11

31
Q

In adolescence, what percentage decline do we see in SWS?

A

50%

32
Q

True or False, teenagers go to bed 2 hours later and want to wake 2 hours later.

A

True, they are phase shifted (DLMO)

33
Q

What behavioral issues impact teenage sleep?

A

struggle for Independence
Technology concerns
Mental health issues

34
Q

Adolescents who are sleep deprived show what three disturbing behaviors?

A

more car accidents
more moody
less frontal lobe function

35
Q

In infancy, REM promotes visual cortex development. What does it promote in adolescents?

A

synaptic pruning

36
Q

What is the sleep range for young adulthood?

A

7-9 but can vary from 6-11

37
Q

What issues do adults face that can cause sleep disturbance?

A 
Stress
Work
Parenting
Caffeine as crutch for sleep deprivation
pregnancy (in women)
38
Q

What specific challenges do college students experience?

A 
Similar to adolescents
Bed later
Drink more
More emotional
More variable
More napping
39
Q

What five issues do middle aged individuals experience that can impact sleep?

A
  • Aging parents
  • Caffeine use as crutch
  • Health issues (medications)
  • Pain issues can impact sleep
  • menopause
40
Q

how much sleep do older individuals (60-80 yrs) need?

A

7-9 but most do not get that

41
Q

What changes are seen in the 60-80 year old group in sleep?

A
  • Naps increase
  • See decrease in SWS
  • REM decreases
  • Sleep efficiency decreases
  • Sleep advance in circadian cycle (Going to bed earlier, getting up earlier)
42
Q

What five things happens to the SCN in older adults? (60-80)

A

Weaker cues
Sensitivity is reduced
SCN isn’t getting signals as strongly
Amplitude starts to become attenuated and rhythm is not as robust
Circadian rhythm: deconsolidation of sleep begins

43
Q

What biopsychosocial issues do older individuals face that can affect their sleep?

A

work, health, pain management, diseases, disorders, Dementia, Alzheimer’s, diabetes, retirement, etc.

44
Q

How prevalent are sleep disorders in the 60-80 age group?

A

50% experience sleep disorders

45
Q

True or False. Naps in older individuals is always a sign of Dementia.

A

False. We need to be careful about how we interpret naps in this age group as it naturally increases anyway.

46
Q

Summarize the changes in sleep during pregnancy.

A

1st : Increase in total sleep time and decrease in SWS
2nd : decrease in total sleep time and continue in decrease in SWS w dreams about baby
3rd : increase in total sleep but decrease in sleep efficiency decrease in SWS and decrease in REM dreams about baby continue
After: mother who is breastfeeding and has to wake so can impact sleep of mother after pregnancy

47
Q

Summarize the general differences between genders in regard to sleep.

A
  • Females have a significant amount of N3 sleep.
  • Men’s N3 drops off a decade earlier than females.
  • Females experience twice the amount of spindles
  • Females experience more naps than males
48
Q

Summarize changes that occur in sleep patterns during menopause.

A

 Sleep latency increases (longer time to fall asleep)
 Awakenings increase
 Decrease in sleep efficiency
 Hot flashes can affect this
 Changes in hormones can affect
 Circadian effect: hormone replacement therapy (controversial)
• Changes subjective experience of sleep
• Objective measures are not necessarily impacted

Sleep and Dreams Psychology (15 decks)

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