Dement Ch. 13, 5, 18 Flashcards
Describe the personal significance of dreams to an individual(s). How does this relate to scientific perspectives of group analysis?
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1) Functional Perspective
2) Psychodynamic Perspective
3) Social Identity Perspective
4) Conflict-Power-Status Perspective
5) Symbolic-Interpretive Perspective
6) Feminist Perspective
7) Social Network Perspective
8) Temporal Perspective
9) Evolutionary Perspective
Describe physiological body changes during REM sleep. Describe the physiology of dreams.
we are paralyzed, but some jerking motions can occur. Our breathing is variable, as is our heart rate, and engorgement of sexual organs can also happen.
Are penile erections related to dream content? Explain.
No, they are not. men experience erections during REM whether or not they report having a sexual or non-sexual dream.
According to Dement, what characteristic distinguishes dreams from reality?
continuity.
Describe the two levels of discontinuity.
this seeks to answer why we dream of unfamiliar places or events that haven’t occurred in our real lives, and what function these serve.
Does everyone dream? Explain.
Dement says, “yes.” though we don’t always remember our dreams, unless we suffer from brain damage or a disorder that disturbs our sleep repeatedly.
Describe historical interpretation of dreams including Egyptian, Greeks & Romans, and religious perspectives, Freud. What are dreams of ivory and dreams of horn?
Egyptians: dream interpreters and dictionary of symbol meanings.
Roman/Greek: prophecies, some ivory (real) and some horn (fake.)
Religious perspectives: Jacob was first dreamer and his son Joseph was the first dream interpreter.
Freud: manifest content must be looked beyond to determine latent content which are a gateway to our unconscious self.
Describe Hobson & McCarley’s work on dreams and subsequent theory of dreaming (& the updated version too).
they first noticed the activation of the pons and the PGO waves. they attributed dreaming to random pulses in the brain from this activation, and the dream content as the way the brain sought to explain the stimulus of those waves. future research showed that though the waves start random, once they reach the cortex. neurotransmitters become more reactive with use. For example, someone who was frightened during the day would see fear reactions happen more at night.
What did Braun & Balkin’s study show?
PET scans showed the primary visual cortex and frontal lobes were less active, though it may only be 10-20% less, and that long term memory emotional circuits were more active.
