Lecture Exam 3 Review Flashcards
What are the functions of bones?
Support, protection, movement, mineral and growth factor storage, blood cell formation, and triglyceride (fat) storage.
What covers the outside of compact bone?
Periosteum
What covers the inside of compact bone?
Endosteum
What is the shaft of a long bone called?
Diaphysis
What is the end of a long bone called?
Epiphyses
What is the function of osteocytes?
They maintain bone matrix and act as stress or strain sensors.
What is parathyroid hormone (PTH)?
It is produced by parathyroid glands in response to low blood calcium levels.
What is hypocalcemia?
low levels of calcium cause hyperexcitability.
What gland secretes earwax?
Ceruminous glands
Which glands are specific only to genitalia and axillary regions?
Apocrine glands
What is the start codon?
AUG
Epidermis consists of what type of tissue?
Epithelial tissue and it is avascular.
What tissue mostly makes up the dermis?
Fibrous connective tissue, and it is vascular.
What tissue mostly makes up the hypodermis?
Adipose tissue.
What is the function of desmosomes?
Tightly holds 2 cells together.
What is the deepest layer of the epidermis?
Stratum basale
How many layers make up the thick skin and where is it primarily found?
It contains five layers and it is mainly found in the palm of the hands, and the soles of the feet.
What is the layer of skin called that is ONLY found in thick skin?
Stratum lucidum
Cyanosis can indicate what?
blue skin color; low oxygenation of hemoglobin.
Pallor
blanching, pale color; indicates anemia, low blood pressure, and fear.
Erythmea
Redness; indicates fever, hypertension, inflammation, and allergy.
Jaundice
Yellow; liver disorders.
What are the layers of the skin?
Stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale.
What is the function of the lacunae of the osteon?
Small cavities that contain osteocytes.
Name some tissues with virtually no functional regenerative capacity?
Cardiac muscle and nervous tissue of the brain and spinal cord.
Tissues that regenerate extremely well include:
Epithelial tissues, bone, areolar connective tissue, dense irregular connective
tissue, blood-forming tissue.
What does avascular mean?
No blood vessels.
What do osteocytes do?
Maintain the matrix.
What are osteons?
Individual units of the compact bone.
What is found at the tip of long bones, nose, trachea, larynx, and cartilage of the ribs?
Hyaline cartilage
What type of cartilage is found in the ears and epiglottis?
Elastic cartilage
What strong cartilage is found in intervertebral discs, knee, and pubic symphysis?
Fibrocartilage.
