Chapter 3

Question 1

What determines the biochemical functions of the cell?

Answer 1

It’s shape.

Question 2

Where do all cells come from?

Answer 2

Other cells.

Question 3

What separates the inside of the cell from its environment?

Answer 3

Cell/Plasma Membrane

Question 4

What is chromatin?

Answer 4

The tangled, spread-out form of DNA found in the nuclear membrane.

Question 5

What is inside the nucleus?

Answer 5

DNA

Question 6

Plural form of nucleus

Answer 6

Nuclei

Question 7

What does chromatin mean?

Answer 7

“Blue stuff”

Question 8

What does chromosome mean?

Answer 8

“Blue bodies”

Question 9

What other structure is inside of the nucleus?

Answer 9

Nucleolus

Question 10

What is the function of the nucleolus?

Answer 10

To produce ribosomes.

Question 11

After leaving the nucleus, where do ribosomes go?

Answer 11

Ribosomes either wander the cell freely or attach to the endoplasmic reticulum.

Question 12

What’s the difference between rough ER and smooth ER?

Answer 12

Rough ER has ribosomes attached to it, smooth ER does not.

Question 13

What is the function of ribosomes?

Answer 13

To make proteins.

Question 14

How do proteins and other materials leave the endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 14

In vesicles.

Question 15

Where do the proteins go to get their shape thus their function?

Answer 15

The Golgi body.

Question 16

What are lysosomes function in the cell?

Answer 16

They are “garbage collectors” and they take in damaged or worn-out cell parts. Lysosomes have enzymes that break down cellular debris.

Question 17

What is the function of mitochondria?

Answer 17

The mitochondria are the powerhouses of the cell, and their primary function is to produce ATP through cellular respiration which powers the cell. The more energy a cell needs, the more mitochondria it has.

Question 18

How does the cell maintain its shape? What holds it together?

Answer 18

The cell maintains its shape with a cytoskeleton. The cytoskeleton consists of microfilaments and microtubules.

Question 19

What do centrioles do?

Answer 19

Create spindle fibers.

Question 20

What is the plural form of nucleolus?

Answer 20

Nucleoli

Question 21

The plasma membrane acts as a barrier for what?

Answer 21

Separating intracellular fluid (ICF) from extracellular fluid (ECF).

Question 22

What is the resting membrane potential (RMP) rate?

Answer 22

-70mV (millivolts)

Question 23

What pumps in and out during the “turn” of the Sodium Potassium pump?

Answer 23

The sodium-potassium pump pumps 3 Na+ ions outside of the cell, and pumps back in 2 K+ at the expense of 1 ATP.

Question 24

Where is Na+ highest concentration? (sodium-potassium pump)

Answer 24

Sodium is higher outside of the cell, and lower concentration inside.

Question 25

Where is the K+ highest concentration? (sodium-potassium pump)

Answer 25

Potassium is higher inside of the cell, and lower concentration outside.