Chapter 3 Flashcards
What determines the biochemical functions of the cell?
It’s shape.
Where do all cells come from?
Other cells.
What separates the inside of the cell from its environment?
Cell/Plasma Membrane
What is chromatin?
The tangled, spread-out form of DNA found in the nuclear membrane.
What is inside the nucleus?
DNA
Plural form of nucleus
Nuclei
What does chromatin mean?
“Blue stuff”
What does chromosome mean?
“Blue bodies”
What other structure is inside of the nucleus?
Nucleolus
What is the function of the nucleolus?
To produce ribosomes.
After leaving the nucleus, where do ribosomes go?
Ribosomes either wander the cell freely or attach to the endoplasmic reticulum.
What’s the difference between rough ER and smooth ER?
Rough ER has ribosomes attached to it, smooth ER does not.
What is the function of ribosomes?
To make proteins.
How do proteins and other materials leave the endoplasmic reticulum?
In vesicles.
Where do the proteins go to get their shape thus their function?
The Golgi body.
What are lysosomes function in the cell?
They are “garbage collectors” and they take in damaged or worn-out cell parts. Lysosomes have enzymes that break down cellular debris.
What is the function of mitochondria?
The mitochondria are the powerhouses of the cell, and their primary function is to produce ATP through cellular respiration which powers the cell. The more energy a cell needs, the more mitochondria it has.
How does the cell maintain its shape? What holds it together?
The cell maintains its shape with a cytoskeleton. The cytoskeleton consists of microfilaments and microtubules.
What do centrioles do?
Create spindle fibers.
What is the plural form of nucleolus?
Nucleoli
The plasma membrane acts as a barrier for what?
Separating intracellular fluid (ICF) from extracellular fluid (ECF).
What is the resting membrane potential (RMP) rate?
-70mV (millivolts)
What pumps in and out during the “turn” of the Sodium Potassium pump?
The sodium-potassium pump pumps 3 Na+ ions outside of the cell, and pumps back in 2 K+ at the expense of 1 ATP.
Where is Na+ highest concentration? (sodium-potassium pump)
Sodium is higher outside of the cell, and lower concentration inside.
Where is the K+ highest concentration? (sodium-potassium pump)
Potassium is higher inside of the cell, and lower concentration outside.
