lecture exam 3 pt.2 (endocrine) Flashcards
endocrine system
- works with nervous to maintain homeostasis
- uses hormones to carry messages
- body reacts slowly to changes
nervous system
- neurotransmitters are used to carry messages
- system reacts quickly to changes
endocrine glands
- ductless
- direct to bloodstream
- examples: pancreas, thyroid, adrenal
exocrine glands
- ducts
- onto epithelial surfaces
- examples: pancreas, sweat, salivary
negative feedback
helpful; hormones released to maintain homeostasis
positive feedback
encourages for more production of hormones to direct away from homeostasis
hypothalamus
- makes hormones for production of anterior pituitary gland hormones and to be stored in posterior pituitary gland
anterior pituitary
- produces hormones (prolactin)
- connected to hypothalamus by blood vessels
posterior pituitary
- stores ADH and oxytocin
- connected to hypothalamus by nerve fibers
GH
- growth hormone
- regulates metabolism of proteins, lipid, and carbs in all body cells
prolactin
triggers and maintains lactation
TSH
- thyroid stimulating hormone
- gets thyroid to produce hormones
- produced by anterior pituitary gland
ACTH
- Adrenocorticotropic hormone
- growth and development of adrenal cortex and release of hormones
FSH
- Follicle-stimulating hormone
- oogenesis, estrogen production
- spermatogenesis
LH
- follicle development in ovary
- testosterone production
ADH
- released when dehydration is detected
- concentrated urine is created from release
- causes diabetes insipidus
oxytocin
- uterine contractions
- milk letdown
- parturition and lactation
thyroid gland
- thyroid hormone and calcitonin
- T4: thyroxine pro hormone
- T3: active hormone
effects of thyroid hormones
*metabolism
- hyperglycemia
- cardiac output increases heart rate
- growth of bones and muscles
- maintain body temp and metabolism
- gut motility
- hair growth and healthy skin
calcitonin
- maintain blood calcium by PTH and vitamin D
PTH
blood calcium
affects kidneys and bones
adrenal cortex
- stimulated by ACTH
- glucocorticoids (handling stress)
- mineralocorticoids (electrolyte balance)
- sex hormones
hyperadrenocorticism
- pituitary tumor from too much ACTH and cortisol
- iatrogenic
- screen tests only to diagnosis and only treat medically
signs of hyperadrenocorticism
polyphagia
hepatomegaly
alopecia
weight gain
adrenal medulla
epinephrine and norepinephrine
fight or flight - sympathetic nervous system
pancreas endocrine functions
- produce glucagon, insulin, and somatostatin
pancreas exocrine functions
digestive enzymes
insulin
lowers blood glucose
glucagon
raises blood glucose
testosterone
male functions from testes
estrogen and progesterone
controlled by FSH and LH from ovaries; prep for breeding and pregnancy and pregnancy maintenance
kidneys
EPO; RBC production
hyperthyroidism
increases cardiac output
T4 very elevated
affects kidney filtration
eating more and losing weight
diabetes
polyuria
high blood glucose
eating and drinking more but losing weight
antidiuretic hormone
hydration
T/F sympathetic nerve stimulation inhibits digestion
true
pampiniform plexus
made up of veins
master endocrine gland
pituitary
3 methods of controlling hormone secretion
direct nervous system stimulation
negative feedback
positive feedback
