chapter 1-6 (wk 1-2): bones Flashcards
directional terms
cranial (surface)
caudal (surface)
rostral (surface)
superficial
deep
proximal
distal
dorsal (surface)
ventral (surface)
palmar (surface)
plantar (surface)
medial
lateral
dorsal plane
median plane
sagittal plane
transverse plane
dorsal recumbency
lateral recumbency
oblique recumbency
sternal recumbency
regional terms
barrel (trunk)
brisket (sternum)
cannon (bone)
carpus (knee)
fetlock (ankle)
flank
tarsus (hock)
muzzle
pastern
poll
stifle
tailhead
withers
word parts
os/osteo (bones)
arthro (joints)
chondro (cartilage)
costo (ribs)
bone shapes
flat
irregular
short
long
bone types
cancellous
compact
general features
articular surfaces
- condyle (connects to bones)
- head (top of long bone and connects to socket)
- facet (flat)
foramen (hole)
fossa (depressions)
process (bumps)
long bone features
proximal and distal epiphyses (ends)
epiphyseal plates (line by head)
diaphysis (neck of long bone)
joint types
cartilaginous (amphiarthroses; slightly movable)
fibrous (immovable)
synovial (diarthroses; freely movable)
axial skeleton: skull
occipital
parietal
temporal - tympanic bulla
frontal
incisive
nasal
maxillary
zygomatic (between maxillary and arch)
zygomatic arch
mandible - mandibular symphysis
turbinates
hyoid (throat under mandible)
axial skeleton: other
ribs - costal cartilage (ventral), costochondral junction (fuse in middle), head (attaches to vertebra)
sternum - manubrium (front point), xiphoid (back point)
vertebrae - arch (connects to body), body, processes: articular (between), spinous (sticks up), transverse (sticks down
cervical vertebrae - atlas (C1), axis (C2)
thoracic vertebrae - ribs (T1-T13)
lumbar vertebrae - starts at last rib
sacrum - 3 fused bones
coccygeal - tail bone
appendicular skeleton: thoracic limb
scapula - spine (line down middle)
humerus - greater tubercle
radius
ulna - olecranon process (larger bump), anconeal process (point on notch)
carpal bones - accessory carpal bone (top most bone)
metacarpal bones - numbers (knuckles)
phalanges - digits (I-V)
pelvic limb
pelvis (os coxae) - acetabulum (depression), ilium (hip bones), ischium (arch toward spine - butt bone), pubis (middle dip of ischium), obturator foramen (hole)
femur - greater trochanter (head), trochlea (between condyles)
patella
fabellae - sesamoids on condyles of femur
tibia - tibial crest (connects to patella)
fibula (smaller bone)
tarsal bones - calcaneus (heel, large upward projection)
metatarsals - 1-5
phalanges - I-V
horse
cannon bone
splint bone (split upwards, proximal end)
proximal phalanx (long pastern)
middle phalanx (short pastern)
distal phalanx (coffin bone)
proximal sesamoids
distal sesamoid (navicular bone)
hoofed animal (cow)
cannon
proximal phalanx
middle phalanx
distal phalanx
proximal sesamoids
distal sesamoids
visceral skeleton
os penis (dogs only, not on specimen)