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brain explosion > lecture exam 2 (cardiovascular and respiratory) > Flashcards

lecture exam 2 (cardiovascular and respiratory) Flashcards

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1
Q

pulmonary circulation

A

lung circulation
deoxygenated blood from the right side

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2
Q

systemic circulation

A

body circulation
oxygenated blood from the left side

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3
Q

aorto

A

aorta

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4
Q

arterio

A

artery

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5
Q

cardio

A

heart

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6
Q

veno and phlebo

A

vein

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7
Q

angio

A

blood vessel

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8
Q

hemo and sanguino

A

blood

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9
Q

apex

A

pointed caudal end

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10
Q

base

A

rounded cranial end

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11
Q

mediastinum

A

space between 2 lungs

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12
Q

pericardial sac

A

fibrous sac containing the heart

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13
Q

auricle

A

blind pouch off of an atrium

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14
Q

ventricles

A

separated by interventricular groove; pump blood out of the heart

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15
Q

atria

A

receive blood, contract and send blood to ventricles

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16
Q

pericardium

A

fibrous sac containing heart and the linings

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17
Q

epicardium

A

visceral layer

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18
Q

myocardium

A

muscle sheets

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19
Q

endocardium

A

covers papillary muscles and valves

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20
Q

chordae tendineae

A

prevents valves from opening backwards

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21
Q

4 functions of the heart

A
  • separates atria and ventricles
  • anchors heart valves
  • point of attachment for myocardium
  • electrical insulation between atria and ventricles
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22
Q

autorhythmic

A

cardiac muscle created its own contractions and relaxations

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23
Q

deoxygenated blood

A

from right side of heart to lungs

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24
Q

oxygenated blood

A

from left side of heart to body (walls are thicker; more blood)

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25
Q

deoxygenated blood flow

A

vena cava
right atrium
tricuspid valve
right ventricle
pulmonary valve
pulmonary arteries
pulmonary capillaries (switches to oxygenated)

26
Q

oxygenated blood flow

A

pulmonary veins
left atrium
mitral valve
left ventricle
aortic valve
aorta
systemic circulation (systemic arteries, capillaries (switches), then veins)

27
Q

arteries

A

carry blood away from the heart

28
Q

2 types of arteries

A

elastic: near heart (aorta)
muscular: autonomic nervous system (arterioles)

29
Q

major arteries

A

aorta (oxygenated)
pulmonary artery (deoxygenated)

30
Q

capillaries

A

microscopic blood vessels from branching arterioles; walls: gas and nutrient exchange occurs

31
Q

veins

A

carry blood toward the heart; venules: fluid exchange; gravity: valves prevent back flow (one way)

32
Q

major veins

A

vena cava (deoxygenated)
pulmonary veins (oxygenated)

33
Q

blood flow

A

heart - arteries - arterioles - capillaries - venules - veins - heart

34
Q

pulse

A

stretch and recoil of artery with every ventricular contraction

35
Q

superficial arteries

A

small: femoral
large: coccygeal
horse: mandibular, digital
cow: facial

36
Q

cephalic vein location

A

elbow to carpus

37
Q

iliac artery and vein location

A

where aorta and caudal vena cava bifurcate

38
Q

femoral artery and vein location

A

name changes at abdominal wall

39
Q

lateral saphenous vein location

A

lateral hindlimb between hock and stifle

40
Q

respiratory system main function

A

bring in oxygen from outside and get rid of carbon dioxide

41
Q

respiratory system secondary functions (4)

A
  • voice production
  • body temp regulation
  • acid-base balance
  • sense of smell
42
Q

upper respiratory system

A

not lungs
- nostrils
- nasal cavity
- pharynx
- larynx
- trachea

43
Q

lower respiratory system

A

lungs and bronchi
- bronchi
- lungs
- bronchioles
- alveolar ducts
- alveoli

44
Q

hilius

A

where air, blood, lymph, and nerves enter

45
Q

other structures included in respiratory system

A

mediastinum
diaphragm
pleura
intercostal muscles

46
Q

pleura

A

covers structures and inner walls of thoracic cavity

47
Q

intercostal muscles

A

muscles between ribs

48
Q

external respiration

A

lungs; exchange between air and blood

49
Q

internal respiration

A

body; exchange between blood and cells/tissues

50
Q

breathing =

A

inspiration and expiration

51
Q

how does breathing occur (4)

A
  • partial vacuum within thorax
  • pulls lungs tightly out against thoracic wall
  • allows lungs to follow movements of thoracic wall and diaphragm
  • air passively enters and exits with changes of thoracic volume
52
Q

inspiration

A
  • increases thoracic cavity size
  • diaphragm contracts becoming flat
  • external intercostal muscles rotate ribs up and out
53
Q

expiration

A
  • decreases thoracic cavity size
  • abdominal muscles push organs against diaphragm to get dome back
  • internal intercostal muscles rotate ribs backwards
54
Q

pharynx

A
  • where respiratory and digestive cross
  • divided by soft palate
  • pathway for air
55
Q

larynx

A
  • control of airflow to and from lungs (changes size of glottis)
  • prevention of inhalation of foreign objects (epiglottis covers opening)
56
Q

trachea

A
  • air pathway
  • filters debris out and moves to larynx
57
Q

bronchial tree

A

airway pathway
- continues filtering
- autonomic nervous system changes diameter to aid breathing needs

58
Q

alveoli

A
  • thin-walled sacs surrounded by capillaries
  • for external respiration
59
Q

nasal passage

A
  • condition inhaled air
  • warming, humidifying, filtering
60
Q

endothelium

A

inner layer of blood vessels

61
Q

pericardium

A

lines chambers of heart

62
Q

afferent never fibers

A

carry sensations toward CNS

brain explosion (10 decks)

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