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brain explosion > lecture exam 2 cont. (nervous system) > Flashcards

lecture exam 2 cont. (nervous system) Flashcards

1
Q

nervous system

A

uses chemicals to carry messages
- neurotransmitters
- allows systems to react quickly
- sensory messages go up; motor messages go down

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2
Q

endocrine system

A

uses chemicals to carry messages
- hormones
- body reacts more slowly to changes

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3
Q

CNS

A

brain and spinal cord
- central axis of body
- linked to rest of body via PNS

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4
Q

PNS

A

cranial and spinal nerves
- extend away from central axis outward in periphery

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5
Q

encephalo

A

brain

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6
Q

meningi

A

meninges

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7
Q

myelo

A

spinal cord

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8
Q

neuro

A

nerve

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9
Q

myelomalacia

A

necrosis of spinal cord

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10
Q

neuropathy

A

disease of nerves

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11
Q

gray matter

A

neuron cell bodies

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12
Q

white matter

A

myelinated nerve fibers

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13
Q

cerebrum

A
  • longitudinal fissure
  • gyri
  • sulci
  • corpus callosum
  • olfactory bulb
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14
Q

diencephalon

A
  • thalamus (relays to cerebrum)
  • hypothalamus (bridges nervous and endocrine)
  • pituitary (master endocrine gland)
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15
Q

brain stem

A
  • midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata
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16
Q

spinal cord

A

processing between periphery and brain

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17
Q

meninges

A

brain and spinal cord
- nutrients, oxygen, and cushioning
- dura mater, arachnoid, pia mater
- control pain and fever

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18
Q

how many cranial nerves (PNS)

A

12 pairs from brain
- optic, facial, vagus, spinal
- spinal: brachial plexus (radial, median, ulnar), femoral, sciatic)

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19
Q

paralysis (plegia)

A

loss of impairment of motor function

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20
Q

paresis

A

slight/incomplete paralysis

21
Q

ataxia

A

failure of coordination

22
Q

proprioception

A

knowing the position of the feet

23
Q

blood brain barrier

A

separates capillaries in the brain from nervous system

24
Q

cerebrum

A

learning and intelligence; interprets sensory info and initiates voluntary responses

25
Q

damage to cerebrum

A

behavior abnormalities
seizures
voluntary movement problems

26
Q

cerebellum

A

balance and coordination

27
Q

damage to cerebellum

A

hypermetria
ataxia

28
Q

deincephalon

A

passageway between brain stem and cerebrum

29
Q

thalamus

A

relays sensory to cerebrum

30
Q

hypothalamus

A

bridges nervous system with endocrine

31
Q

pituitary gland

A

master endocrine gland

32
Q

brainstem

A

subconscious maintenance of basic support functions of the body

33
Q

damage to brain stem

A

rapid death possible

34
Q

spinal cord

A

processing and modification of sensory and motor impulses between periphery and brain
dorsal horn - sensory
ventral horn - motor

35
Q

damage to spinal cord

A
  • highly variable, dependent on location
  • conscious proprioception
  • voluntary motion
  • superficial/deep pain
  • reflexes
36
Q

cerebrospinal fluid

A
  • brain and spinal cord
  • cushioning and affects regulation of respiration/vomiting
  • changes with disease
37
Q

brachial plexus damage

A

flaccid paralysis of limb

38
Q

radial nerve

A
  • motor to forearm
  • sensory to forearm and paw
39
Q

radial nerve damage

A

animal drags paw

40
Q

median and ulnar nerve

A

motor and sensory to forearm

41
Q

damage to median and ulnar nerve

A

hyperextension of carpus

42
Q

femoral nerve

A

motor and sensory to hindlimb

43
Q

damage to femoral nerve

A

leg cannot support weight

44
Q

sciatic nerve

A

motor and sensory to hindlimb

45
Q

damage to sciatic nerve

A

gait changes
animal walks on dorsum of paw

46
Q

sympathetic effects

A

HR inc
force inc
diameter of bronchioles inc
pupil dilated
GI dec
diameter of skin blood vessels dec
diameter of muscle blood vessels inc
diameter of kidney blood vessels dec

47
Q

parasympathetic effects

A

HR dec
diameter of bronchioles dec
pupil constricted
GI inc

48
Q

pia mater

A

lies directly on surface of brain and spinal cord

49
Q

main expiratory muscles

A

intercostal and abdominal

brain explosion (10 decks)

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