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brain explosion > lecture exam 3 (digestive, urinary/repro) > Flashcards

lecture exam 3 (digestive, urinary/repro) Flashcards

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The Brain flashcards
1
Q

digestion

A

breakdown of molecules to a size that can enter the body

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2
Q

mechanical digestion

A

change in size; GI tract movements

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3
Q

chemical digestion

A

change in structure; chemical reactions

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4
Q

4 tissue layers in oral cavity

A

mucosa
submucosa
muscle layers
serosa

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5
Q

oral cavity

A

entrance to GI tract
prehension and mastication
- lips (philtrum)
- tongue
- hard and soft palate

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6
Q

tongue

A
  • grooming, moving food
  • taste, pain, temp, touch, thermoregulation
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7
Q

salivary glands

A
  • lubrication, antibacterial action, pH regulation, thermoregulation, enzymatic digestion
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8
Q

pharynx

A

swallowing

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9
Q

epiglottis

A

protection

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10
Q

esophagus

A
  • connects pharynx and stomach
  • folded mucosa = expansion
  • swallowing
  • dorsal, left to trachea
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11
Q

peristalsis

A
  • begins in esophageal stage of swallowing
  • propels food
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12
Q

segmentation

A

mixes food

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13
Q

abdominal cavity

A

consists of peritoneum, mesentery, and omentum

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14
Q

stomach

A
  • storage
  • chemical and mechanical digestion
  • intrinsic factor for vitamin B12
  • controlled release of chyme into intestine
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15
Q

gastro

A

stomach

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16
Q

ruminants

A

cows
sheeps
goat

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17
Q

monogastric

A

dogs
cats
horses

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18
Q

small intestine

A

duodenum - first
jejunum - longest
ileum - last (lymphoid tissue)
*digestion and absorption
*plications and villi

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19
Q

entero

A

intestine

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20
Q

pancreas

A

endocrine: hormones into blood stream
exocrine: enzymes and bicarbonate through duct to duodenum

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21
Q

liver

A

*not to do with digestion
- secrete substances essential for digestion/absorption of nutrients
- synthesizes nutrients and regulates their release into the bloodstream
- excrete toxic substances
- produces plasma proteins, cholesterol, and blood coagulation

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22
Q

bile

A
  • lipid digestion and waste excretion
  • stored in gall bladder
  • enterohepatic circulation
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23
Q

large intestine (consist of)

A
  • cecum
  • colon (ascending, transverse, descending)
  • rectum
  • anus
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24
Q

large instestine (motility)

A
  • slow motility: segmentation, peristalsis, antipenstalsis, mass movement
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25
Q

mixing ___ contact time with absorptive surface area

A

increases

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26
Q

large intestine functions

A
  • absorption of water and ions
  • completion of carbohydrate or protein microbial digestion and absorption
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27
Q

rectum

A
  • chyme passes through large intestine
  • sensory receptors stimulated when feces are transported to rectum
28
Q

urinary system

A
  • remove metabolic wastes (filter blood)
  • maintenance of homeostasis (fluids, blood pressure, RBC production)
  • storage and elimination
29
Q

renal

A

kidney

30
Q

nephro

A

kidney/nephron

31
Q

uretero

A

ureter

32
Q

cysto

A

badder

33
Q

urethro

A

urethra

34
Q

uro

A

urine

35
Q

kidneys

A

dorsal abdominal area on either side of first few lumbar vertebra (right kidney more cranial than left)

36
Q

retroperitoneal

A

kidneys location to the abdominal cavity surrounded by layer of perineal fat

37
Q

kidney functions

A
  • production of urine (elimination of metabolic wastes)
  • homeostasis
38
Q

waste elimination

A

blood filtration, reabsorption back into blood stream, secretion into nephron tubules

39
Q

homeostasis (5)

A
  • blood filtration, reabsorption, secretion
  • fluid balance regulation (urine volume)
  • acid base balance regulation (blood pH)
  • production of hormones
  • blood pressure regulation
40
Q

ureters

A

tubes that exit the kidney and then connect to urinary bladder
- move urine from kidneys to bladder via peristalsis

41
Q

urinary bladder

A

collect, store, and release urine

42
Q

urethra

A

carries urine from bladder to environment

43
Q

female urethra

A

shorter, straighter, opens on floor of vestibule; carries urine only

44
Q

male urethra

A

longer, curved, along ventral aspect of penis (through os penis); carries urine and semen; ejaculation

45
Q

male repro

A
  • spermatogenesis
  • delivery
  • hormone production
46
Q

orchido

A

testis

47
Q

spermato

A

sperm

48
Q

scrotum

A
  • regulate testicle temp
  • cremaster muscle
49
Q

testicles not in scrotum pass through

A

inguinal canal; retained

50
Q

testes

A

sperm and hormone production

51
Q

epididymus

A

storage and maturation site for spermatozoa

52
Q

vas deferens

A
  • connects epididymus to urethra
  • propels sperm and fluid
53
Q

spermatic cord

A
  • links testes with rest of body
  • heat exchange mechanism
  • contains testicular artery and vein, vas deferens, testicular nerve, lymphatics
54
Q

accessory repro glands

A

produce alkaline fluid to counteract acidity of female repro tract

55
Q

female repro

A
  • oogensis
  • delivery
  • hormone production
  • gestation and parturition
56
Q

ovario

A

ovary

57
Q

hystero

A

uterus

58
Q

masto

A

breast

59
Q

ovaries

A

oogenesis and hormone production

60
Q

oviducts

A

guide ova from ovary to uterus
-fertilization site

61
Q

uterus

A

gestation and parturition

62
Q

cervix

A

smooth muscle between body of uterus and vagina; controls access to uterus

63
Q

vagina

A

muscular tube that receives penis and semen during breeding

64
Q

vulva

A

entrance to vagina
- urethra opening

65
Q

mammary glands

A

one wholes side = mammary chain
- provides nutrition to newborns

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