Lecture Exam 2

Question 1

What is a joint?

Answer 1

• When two bones meet
• Bone to bone, bone to cartilage, teeth in socket
• The structure of joints allows for resistance to crushing tearing and other forces

Question 2

List the joints by functional classification (immoveable, slightly moveable, freely moveable)

Answer 2

Synarthroses - Immovable joints
Amphiarthroses - Slightly movable joints
Diarthroses - Freely movable joints

Question 3

Name the joints based on structural classification and examples.

Answer 3

Fibrous
- Joins bones via collagen fibers
- Sutures (immobile), syndesmosis (slight mobility/ no mobility), gomphosis (immobile)

Cartilaginous
- Adjoining bones via cartilage
- Synchondrosis (hyaline, immobile) and symphysis (fibrocartilage, slightly mobile)

Synovial
- Bones separated by joint cavity, have articular cartilage, enclosed within articular capsule
- Plane, hinge, pivot, condylar, saddle, ball and socket are all freely movable

Question 4

What are the three types of fibrous joints? What is the structure like? Give examples.

Answer 4

Suture
- Joint held together by short interconnecting fibers. Only in skull
Syndesmosis
- Joint held together by ligament
Gomphosis
- Peg in socket fibrous joint

Question 5

What are two main types of cartilaginous joints? What is the structure like? Give examples.

Answer 5

Synchondroses
- Bones jointed by cartilage (ribs and sternal connection)
Symphyses
- Bones united by fibrocartilage (spine and pubic symphysis)

Question 6

What is abduct, adduct, extend, flexion? What type of movement is involved in jumping jacks and bending the knee?

Answer 6

Abduct - To move away from medial plane
Adduct - To move towards medial plane
Extension - Increases the angle between two parts of the body
Flexion - Decreases the angle between two parts of the body

Jumping jacks - Involve abduction as arms and legs go out to the sides. Extension is also involved as limbs are straight. When bringing arms and legs back to your side adduction and flexion are involved

Question 7

What is the structure of the synovial joints? What is their function?

Question 8

What are the six types of synovial joints discussed in lecture?

Question 9

LECTURE SYNOVIAL JOINTS

Question 10

List three factors that influence synovial joints stability.

Question 11

What are the key features of the knee? The shoulder joint?

Question 12

What is Arthritis? What are the causes?