Lab 5: Axial Skeleton pt.2

Question 1

What are the 5 types of vertebrae?

Answer 1

• Cervical vertebrae (7)
• Thoracic vertebrae (12)
• Lumbar vertebrae (5)
• Sacral Vertebrae (5 fuse to make the sacrum)
• Coccyx (3-4 fuse to form coccyx)

Question 2

What are the specific features (10) of a general vertebrae?

Answer 2

Question 3

What is this structure? What are two features unique to this type of vertebrae?

Answer 3

• Transverse foramina
• Bifid spinous process

Question 4

What is this structure and what are 5 features? Label the structure(10).

Answer 4

Atlas (C1)
1. Bifid spinous process seen on C2-C6
2. Lacks body and spinous process
3. Anterior and posterior tubercles
4. Superior articulate with the occipital condyleof the occipital bone of the skull allowing for nodding motion
5. Rests on Axis

Question 5

What is this structure? What is a unique feature? Label the image (9)

Answer 5

C2
1. Dens - acts as a pivot point allowing for lateral rotation of the atlas, allowing us to shake our heads

Question 6

What is this structure? What are 4 key features?

Answer 6

Thoracic vertebrae
1. Transverse costal facet (point of articulation with tubercles of ribs)
2. Costal (demi)facets (point of articulation with head of ribs)
3. Spinous process is long and point, frequently angled sharply inferior
4. Shaped like giraffe when viewed posteriorly

Question 7

What is this structure? What are 4 key features?

Answer 7

Lumbar vertebrae
1. Largest vertebrae bones
2. Thick body and spinous process
3. Superior and inferior articular process are curved
4. Shaped like moose when viewed posteriorly

Question 8

What is this structure? Label the 9 key points of this structure. Where is the coccyx?

Answer 8

Sacrum

Question 9

What is this center structure? What are the 3 main parts? What are the key notches?

Answer 9

Sternum
1. Manubrium
- Sternal notch (jugular)
- Clavicular notch
- Sternal angle ( created by junction bt manubrium and body)
2. Body
- Costal notch
3. Xiphoid process

Question 10

What are the three types of ribs?

Answer 10

1-7 True ribs
8-12 False ribs
11-12 Floating ribs

Question 11

What is costal cartilage?

Answer 11

The cartilage that connects the rib to the sternum. This cartilage allow for flexibility and elasticity when breathing

Question 12

What are the 7 features in general rib anatomy?

Answer 12

1. Articular facets (sites for articulation with vertebral bodies)
   
   • Superior articular facet
   • Inferior articular facet
2. Head
3. Neck
4. Tubercle
5. Costal groove
6. Angle
7. Shaft
   (ADD IPAD IMAGE OF BLACK BACKGROUND RIB AND SUPERIOR VIEW OF RIB ATTACHMENT)