Lab 7: Joints pt.1 Flashcards
What are the structural classifications of joints?
Fibrous
- Connected by dense regular connective tissue
- Mostly synarthrotic, few amphiarthrotic
Cartilaginous
- Connected by cartilage
- Some synarthrotic, some amphiarthrotic
Synovial
- Bones separated by space
- Contain articular capsule, synovial fluid, and articular cartilage
- Ligaments are all diarthrotic
What are the three types of fibrous joints?
Sutures
- Tightly bound by minimal amount of fibrous tissue
- Ex. Coronal suture (synarthroses)
Syndesmoses
- Bones connected exclusively by ligaments (long fibers)
- Ex. Radius and Ulna (amphiarthroses)
Gomphoses
- Peg in socket
- Ex. Teeth in Maxilla (synarthroses)
What are two types of cartilaginous joints?
Synchondroses
- Hyaline cartilage bt bones (synarthroses)
Symphyses
- Fibrocartilage pad between bones (amphiarthroses)
What are the basic features of a synovial joint (6)?
- Articular capsule
- Joint cavity
- Synovial fluid
- Articular cartilage (hyaline)
- Ligaments
- Nerves and blood
What are the six types of synovial joints?
- Planar joints (Triquetrum and hamate in the hand)
- Hinge joints (Humerus with radius and ulna)
- Pivot joints (Atlantoaxis joint C1-C2)
- Condyloid joints (Between metacarpals and proximal phalange)
- Saddle joints (Between Trapezium and first metacarpal bone)
- Ball and socket joint (Glenohumeral joint)
What is the atlantoaxial joint?
- Pivot joint
- Formed by Axis (C2) and Atlas (C1)
What is the glenohumeral joint
- Ball and socket
- Formed by glenoid cavity of scapula and head of the humerus
What is the elbow joint?
- Hinge joint
- Formed by humerus and radius and ulna
What is the proximal radioulnar joint?
- Pivot joint
- Formed between radial notch and Ulna
What is the hip joint?
- Ball and socket joint
- Formed between Femur and pelvis
What is the tibiofemoral joint?
- Hinge joint
- Formed between Femur, patella, tibia, and fibula
What are 8 key features of the knee joint structure?
- Lateral meniscus
- Medial meniscus
- Patellar ligament
- Fibular (lateral) collateral ligament
- Tibial (medial) collateral ligament
- Anterior cruciate ligament
- Posterior cruciate ligament
- Oblique popliteal ligament
What muscles are associated with upper limb joints(5)?
Pectoralis major
Deltoid
Latissimus dorsi
Biceps brachii
Triceps brachii
What muscles are associated with lower limb joints?
Gluteus maximus
Gluteus medius
Iliopsoas group
Quadriceps group
Hamstring group
Tibialis anterior
Gastrocnemius
