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BIO 141 Lecture > Lecture Chp. Five: Tissues > Flashcards

Lecture Chp. Five: Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

General traits of connective tissue

A
  • Most abundant tissue type
  • Have lots of: Intercellular material (ground substance) which forms a matrix around cells
  • Vary in levels of vascularization
  • Cells usually divide
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2
Q

Functions of connective tissue:

A
  • support and protection
  • help repair tissue from damage
  • help protect against infection
  • serve as frameworks
  • bind structure
  • may store fat and fill spaces
  • May make blood cells
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3
Q

What are the three connective tissue cell types:

A
  • Fibroblasts
  • Macrophages
  • Mast cells
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4
Q
  • Most common fixed cell
  • Large, star-shaped cell
  • Produces fibers
A

Fibroblast

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5
Q
  • Wandering cell
  • Do phagocytosis
  • Aid the immune system
A

Macrophage

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6
Q
  • Fixed cell

- Release Heparin and/or histamine

A

Mast cell

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7
Q

heparin

A

stops clotting

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8
Q

histamine

A

allergies

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9
Q

Most abundant tissue type

A

connective tissue

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10
Q

Vary in levels of vascularization

A

connective tissue

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11
Q

What are the three fibers with connective tissue:

A
  1. Collagen Fibers
  2. Elastic Fibers
  3. Reticular Fibers
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12
Q
  • Thick fibers composed of collagen
  • very strong
  • hold structures together
  • make up tendons and ligaments
  • also found in dermis
A

collagen fibers

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13
Q

very strong fibers

A

collagen

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14
Q

fibers that hold structures together

A

collagen

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15
Q

fibers that make up tendons and ligaments

A

collagen

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16
Q

-Bundles of microfibrils embedded in elastin

A

elastic fibers

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17
Q

Help form vocal chords

A

elastic fibers

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18
Q

branching

A

elastic fibers

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19
Q

very thin, highly branched, collagenous fibers

A

reticular

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20
Q

Reticular fibers form a:

A

supportive network

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21
Q

Where are reticular fibers found?

A

spleen and lymph nodes

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22
Q
  • loose connective
  • adipose
  • reticular connective
  • dense connective
  • elastic connective
A

Connective tissue proper

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23
Q
  • cartilage
  • bone
  • blood
A

specialized connective tissue

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24
Q

specialized connective tissue helps make up:

A

the skeletal system

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25
Q

what is an example of loose connective tissue?

A

areolar tissue

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26
Q

-many fibroblasts with collagen and elastic fibers

A

loose connective tissue

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27
Q

What type of connective tissue is found beneath the epithelia?

A

loose connective tissue

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28
Q

loose connective tissue binds skin to:

A

most structures

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29
Q

where is loose connective tissue found?

A

between muscles

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30
Q

blood vessels in loose connective tissues help:

A

nourish epithelia

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31
Q

what does loose connective tissue consist of?

A

fluid to gel-like matrix

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32
Q

Adipose tissue is made up of:

A

adipocytes

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33
Q

cushions, insulates, and stores fat

A

adipose tissue

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34
Q

beneath skin, behind eyeballs, and surrounds kidneys and heart

A

adipose tissue

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35
Q

support structure for organs

A

reticular connective tissue

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36
Q

Includes the: liver, spleen, and lymphatic organs

A

reticular connective tissue

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37
Q

Reticular connective tissue is composed of:

A

Reticular fibers

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38
Q

Makes up: tendons and ligaments

A

dense connective tissue

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39
Q

bind body parts together

A

dense connective tissue

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40
Q

type of connective tissue that has a poor blood supply

A

dense connective tissue

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41
Q

Many collagen and elastic fibers with few fibroblasts

A

dense connective tissue

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42
Q

Many elastic fibers and some collagen fibers and fibroblasts

A

elastic connective tissue

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43
Q

form attachments between bones

A

elastic connective tissue

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44
Q

form walls of large airways, arteries, and the heart

A

elastic connective tissue

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45
Q

what does osseous tissue contain?

A

osteocytes and a solid matrix

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46
Q

supports/protects soft tissues and forms blood cells

A

osseous tissue

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47
Q

forms the skeleton

A

osseous tissue

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48
Q

helps make blood cells, is an attachment site for muscles, and supports and protects the body

A

osseous tissue

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49
Q

chrondrocytes in lacunae and a rigid matrix

A

cartilage

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50
Q

has a poor blood supply

A

cartilage

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51
Q

What are the three types of cartilage?

A
  1. Hyaline
  2. Elastic
  3. Fibrocartilage
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52
Q

Cartilage is _____

A

poorly vascularized

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53
Q

Most abundant type of connective tissue

A

Hyaline Cartilage

54
Q

chrondocytes in lacunae

A

Hyaline Cartilage

55
Q

sold-gel matrix resembles white glass

A

Hyaline Cartilage

56
Q

Found:

  • at the end of bones
  • forms the embryonic skeleton
  • nose and respiratory passageways
A

Hyaline Cartilage

57
Q

flexible and makes up the external ear and larynx

A

elastic cartilage

58
Q

very tough due to collagenous fibers

A

Fibrocartilage

59
Q

is a shock absorber

A

Fibrocartilage

60
Q

Forms:

-intervertebral discs, pads of knees, and pelvic girdle

A

Fibrocartilage

61
Q

densest and sturdiest of cartilage

A

Fibrocartilage

62
Q

what is the fluid matrix blood

A

plasma (mostly water)

63
Q

Aids in transport, clotting, and defense

64
Q

transports substances to various tissues of the body

65
Q

What does blood contain?

A

red and white blood cells and platelets

66
Q

muscle cells are called what?

A

muscle fibers

67
Q

contractile cells

A

muscle tissue

68
Q

three types of muscle tissue:

A
  1. skeletal
  2. smooth
  3. cardiac
69
Q
  • striated
  • voluntary
  • attaches to bones
A

Skeletal Muscle

70
Q
  • non-stratified
  • involuntary
  • makes up walls of organs, walls of blood vessels and part of the skin
A

Smooth Muscle

71
Q

makes up walls of organs, walls of blood vessels, and part of the skin

A

Smooth Muscle

72
Q

contain intercalated discs

A

Cardiac Muscle

73
Q

gap junctions

A

Intercalated Discs

74
Q

makes up the wall of the heart

A

Cardiac Muscle

75
Q
  • Striated

- Involuntary

A

Cardiac Muscle

76
Q

Basic nervous tissue cells are called:

77
Q

bind and support nervous tissue components

A

Neuroglial Cells

78
Q

Neurons conduct:

A

Nerve Impulses

79
Q

Help aid in sensory detection

A

Nervous Tissue (Neurons)

80
Q

Helps make up:

  • Brain
  • Spinal Cord
  • Peripheral Nerves
A

Nervous Tissue

81
Q

Lines body cavities that do not open to the outside

A

Serous Membranes

82
Q

Inner lining of and covers organs of thorax and abdomen

A

Serous Membrane

*Epithelial Membranes

83
Q

Serous membranes secrete:

A

Serous Fluid

84
Q

Reduces friction between organs

A

Serous Membrane

85
Q

Water based secretion that reduces friction

A

Serous Membrane

86
Q

Secretes mucous

A

Mucous Membrane

87
Q

Lines tubes and organs that open to the outside world

A

Mucous Membrane

88
Q
  • covers body

- covers skin

A

Cutaneous Membrane

89
Q

The epidermis and the dermis and associated structure

A

Skin

*Cutaneous Membrane

90
Q

Type of connective tissue membrane

A

Synovial Membrane

91
Q

Membrane that is made up of entirely connective tissue that is there to lubricate

A

Synovial Membrane

92
Q

Lines joins

A

Synovial Membrane

93
Q

Four major tissue types:

A
  1. Epithelial
  2. Connective
  3. Muscular
  4. Nervous
94
Q

General characteristic of epithelial tissue

A
  • covers body and organs
  • forms glands
  • lines body cavities andf hollow organs
  • has a “free” surface
  • Has a basement membrane
  • avascular
95
Q

Epithelial tissue cellsn are classified by:

A

Shape and number of cells

96
Q

What do epithelial cells function in?

A

Protection, secretion, absorption, and excretion

97
Q

Epithelial cells often form tissues with:

A

Junctions between adjacent cells (usually desmosomes)

98
Q

In epithlial tissue, cells are tightly packed and:

A

Readily divide

99
Q

What is the difference between secrete/excrete?

A

Excrete is normally waste… Secrete things like hormones

100
Q

Single layer of flat cells

A

simple squamous epithelium

*substances pass easily through them

101
Q

Lines air sacs, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels

A

Simple Squamous

102
Q

Simple layer of cube-shaped cells with rounded corners

A

Simple Cuboidal

103
Q

lines kidney tubules ad the ducts of some glands

A

Simple Cuboidal

104
Q

Single layer of elongated cells

A

Simple Columnar

105
Q

In single columnar epithelium, the nuclei is near:

A

the basement membrane

106
Q

Simple columnar cells often contain:

A

goblet cells

*release mucous to free surface

107
Q

Simple columnar epithelium sometimes have:

A

cilia or microvilli

108
Q

Lines the intestines, stomach, and uterus

A

Simple columnar

109
Q

Single layer of elongated cells

A

Pseudostratified Columnar

110
Q

Has nuclei at two or more levels

A

Pseudostratified Columnar

111
Q

Tissue that often contains keratin

A

Stratified Squamous

112
Q

Forms the outer layer of skin

A

Stratified Squamous

113
Q

Lines the oral cavity, vagina, and anal canal

A

Stratified Squamous

114
Q

2 to 3 layers of cube shaped cells

A

Stratified cuboidal

115
Q

Lines the ducts of the pancreas, as well as the mammary, salivary, and sweat glands

A

Stratified cuboidal

116
Q

Top cells are columnar lower cells are rounded, cube-shaped cells

A

Stratified columnar

117
Q

Male eurythra and pharynx

A

Stratified Columnar

118
Q

Change in shape in response to tension on tissue

A

Transitional

119
Q

Top cells are “scalloped”, lower cells are rounded when:

A

urinary bladder is empty

*Transitional

120
Q

Line urinary bladder, ureters, and part of the urethra

A

Transitional

121
Q

Ductless (inside of body)

A

Endocrine Glands

122
Q

Have ducts (release things outside of the body)

A

Exocrine Glands

123
Q

Made up of specialized substances that secrete something

A

Glandular Epithelium

124
Q

-Composed of one cell
-Goblet cells
(No duct)

A

Unicellular exocrine gland

125
Q

-Make up sweat and salivary glands

A

Multicellular exocrine glands

126
Q

Many duct region

A

Compounded

127
Q

Fluid product that is produced by salivary and sweat glands and pancreas

A

Merocrine glands

128
Q

Make up ceruminous and mammary glands

A

Apocrine Glands

129
Q

Cellular product are part of cells

A

Apocrine Glands

130
Q

Secretory product are whole cells

A

Holocrine Glands

131
Q

Sebaceous glands (decapitation)

A

Holocrine Glands

BIO 141 Lecture (8 decks)

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