Lecture Chp. Five: Tissues Flashcards
1
Q
General traits of connective tissue
A
- Most abundant tissue type
- Have lots of: Intercellular material (ground substance) which forms a matrix around cells
- Vary in levels of vascularization
- Cells usually divide
2
Q
Functions of connective tissue:
A
- support and protection
- help repair tissue from damage
- help protect against infection
- serve as frameworks
- bind structure
- may store fat and fill spaces
- May make blood cells
3
Q
What are the three connective tissue cell types:
A
- Fibroblasts
- Macrophages
- Mast cells
4
Q
- Most common fixed cell
- Large, star-shaped cell
- Produces fibers
A
Fibroblast
5
Q
- Wandering cell
- Do phagocytosis
- Aid the immune system
A
Macrophage
6
Q
- Fixed cell
- Release Heparin and/or histamine
A
Mast cell
7
Q
heparin
A
stops clotting
8
Q
histamine
A
allergies
9
Q
Most abundant tissue type
A
connective tissue
10
Q
Vary in levels of vascularization
A
connective tissue
11
Q
What are the three fibers with connective tissue:
A
- Collagen Fibers
- Elastic Fibers
- Reticular Fibers
12
Q
- Thick fibers composed of collagen
- very strong
- hold structures together
- make up tendons and ligaments
- also found in dermis
A
collagen fibers
13
Q
very strong fibers
A
collagen
14
Q
fibers that hold structures together
A
collagen
15
Q
fibers that make up tendons and ligaments
A
collagen
16
Q
-Bundles of microfibrils embedded in elastin
A
elastic fibers
17
Q
Help form vocal chords
A
elastic fibers
18
Q
branching
A
elastic fibers
19
Q
very thin, highly branched, collagenous fibers
A
reticular
20
Q
Reticular fibers form a:
A
supportive network
21
Q
Where are reticular fibers found?
A
spleen and lymph nodes
22
Q
- loose connective
- adipose
- reticular connective
- dense connective
- elastic connective
A
Connective tissue proper
23
Q
- cartilage
- bone
- blood
A
specialized connective tissue
24
Q
specialized connective tissue helps make up:
A
the skeletal system
25
what is an example of loose connective tissue?
areolar tissue
26
-many fibroblasts with collagen and elastic fibers
loose connective tissue
27
What type of connective tissue is found beneath the epithelia?
loose connective tissue
28
loose connective tissue binds skin to:
most structures
29
where is loose connective tissue found?
between muscles
30
blood vessels in loose connective tissues help:
nourish epithelia
31
what does loose connective tissue consist of?
fluid to gel-like matrix
32
Adipose tissue is made up of:
adipocytes
33
cushions, insulates, and stores fat
adipose tissue
34
beneath skin, behind eyeballs, and surrounds kidneys and heart
adipose tissue
35
support structure for organs
reticular connective tissue
36
Includes the: liver, spleen, and lymphatic organs
reticular connective tissue
37
Reticular connective tissue is composed of:
Reticular fibers
38
Makes up: tendons and ligaments
dense connective tissue
39
bind body parts together
dense connective tissue
40
type of connective tissue that has a poor blood supply
dense connective tissue
41
Many collagen and elastic fibers with few fibroblasts
dense connective tissue
42
Many elastic fibers and some collagen fibers and fibroblasts
elastic connective tissue
43
form attachments between bones
elastic connective tissue
44
form walls of large airways, arteries, and the heart
elastic connective tissue
45
what does osseous tissue contain?
osteocytes and a solid matrix
46
supports/protects soft tissues and forms blood cells
osseous tissue
47
forms the skeleton
osseous tissue
48
helps make blood cells, is an attachment site for muscles, and supports and protects the body
osseous tissue
49
chrondrocytes in lacunae and a rigid matrix
cartilage
50
has a poor blood supply
cartilage
51
What are the three types of cartilage?
1. Hyaline
2. Elastic
3. Fibrocartilage
52
Cartilage is _____
poorly vascularized
53
Most abundant type of connective tissue
Hyaline Cartilage
54
chrondocytes in lacunae
Hyaline Cartilage
55
sold-gel matrix resembles white glass
Hyaline Cartilage
56
Found:
- at the end of bones
- forms the embryonic skeleton
- nose and respiratory passageways
Hyaline Cartilage
57
flexible and makes up the external ear and larynx
elastic cartilage
58
very tough due to collagenous fibers
Fibrocartilage
59
is a shock absorber
Fibrocartilage
60
Forms:
| -intervertebral discs, pads of knees, and pelvic girdle
Fibrocartilage
61
densest and sturdiest of cartilage
Fibrocartilage
62
what is the fluid matrix blood
plasma (mostly water)
63
Aids in transport, clotting, and defense
Blood
64
transports substances to various tissues of the body
blood
65
What does blood contain?
red and white blood cells and platelets
66
muscle cells are called what?
muscle fibers
67
contractile cells
muscle tissue
68
three types of muscle tissue:
1. skeletal
2. smooth
3. cardiac
69
- striated
- voluntary
- attaches to bones
Skeletal Muscle
70
- non-stratified
- involuntary
- makes up walls of organs, walls of blood vessels and part of the skin
Smooth Muscle
71
makes up walls of organs, walls of blood vessels, and part of the skin
Smooth Muscle
72
contain intercalated discs
Cardiac Muscle
73
gap junctions
Intercalated Discs
74
makes up the wall of the heart
Cardiac Muscle
75
- Striated
| - Involuntary
Cardiac Muscle
76
Basic nervous tissue cells are called:
Neurons
77
bind and support nervous tissue components
Neuroglial Cells
78
Neurons conduct:
Nerve Impulses
79
Help aid in sensory detection
Nervous Tissue (Neurons)
80
Helps make up:
- Brain
- Spinal Cord
- Peripheral Nerves
Nervous Tissue
81
Lines body cavities that do not open to the outside
Serous Membranes
82
Inner lining of and covers organs of thorax and abdomen
Serous Membrane
*Epithelial Membranes
83
Serous membranes secrete:
Serous Fluid
84
Reduces friction between organs
Serous Membrane
85
Water based secretion that reduces friction
Serous Membrane
86
Secretes mucous
Mucous Membrane
87
Lines tubes and organs that open to the outside world
Mucous Membrane
88
- covers body
| - covers skin
Cutaneous Membrane
89
The epidermis and the dermis and associated structure
Skin
*Cutaneous Membrane
90
Type of connective tissue membrane
Synovial Membrane
91
Membrane that is made up of entirely connective tissue that is there to lubricate
Synovial Membrane
92
Lines joins
Synovial Membrane
93
Four major tissue types:
1. Epithelial
2. Connective
3. Muscular
4. Nervous
94
General characteristic of epithelial tissue
- covers body and organs
- forms glands
- lines body cavities andf hollow organs
- has a "free" surface
- Has a basement membrane
- avascular
95
Epithelial tissue cellsn are classified by:
Shape and number of cells
96
What do epithelial cells function in?
Protection, secretion, absorption, and excretion
97
Epithelial cells often form tissues with:
Junctions between adjacent cells (usually desmosomes)
98
In epithlial tissue, cells are tightly packed and:
Readily divide
99
What is the difference between secrete/excrete?
Excrete is normally waste... Secrete things like hormones
100
Single layer of flat cells
simple squamous epithelium
*substances pass easily through them
101
Lines air sacs, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels
Simple Squamous
102
Simple layer of cube-shaped cells with rounded corners
Simple Cuboidal
103
lines kidney tubules ad the ducts of some glands
Simple Cuboidal
104
Single layer of elongated cells
Simple Columnar
105
In single columnar epithelium, the nuclei is near:
the basement membrane
106
Simple columnar cells often contain:
goblet cells
*release mucous to free surface
107
Simple columnar epithelium sometimes have:
cilia or microvilli
108
Lines the intestines, stomach, and uterus
Simple columnar
109
Single layer of elongated cells
Pseudostratified Columnar
110
Has nuclei at two or more levels
Pseudostratified Columnar
111
Tissue that often contains keratin
Stratified Squamous
112
Forms the outer layer of skin
Stratified Squamous
113
Lines the oral cavity, vagina, and anal canal
Stratified Squamous
114
2 to 3 layers of cube shaped cells
Stratified cuboidal
115
Lines the ducts of the pancreas, as well as the mammary, salivary, and sweat glands
Stratified cuboidal
116
Top cells are columnar lower cells are rounded, cube-shaped cells
Stratified columnar
117
Male eurythra and pharynx
Stratified Columnar
118
Change in shape in response to tension on tissue
Transitional
119
Top cells are "scalloped", lower cells are rounded when:
urinary bladder is empty
*Transitional
120
Line urinary bladder, ureters, and part of the urethra
Transitional
121
Ductless (inside of body)
Endocrine Glands
122
Have ducts (release things outside of the body)
Exocrine Glands
123
Made up of specialized substances that secrete something
Glandular Epithelium
124
-Composed of one cell
-Goblet cells
(No duct)
Unicellular exocrine gland
125
-Make up sweat and salivary glands
Multicellular exocrine glands
126
Many duct region
Compounded
127
Fluid product that is produced by salivary and sweat glands and pancreas
Merocrine glands
128
Make up ceruminous and mammary glands
Apocrine Glands
129
Cellular product are part of cells
Apocrine Glands
130
Secretory product are whole cells
Holocrine Glands
131
Sebaceous glands (decapitation)
Holocrine Glands
