Lecture 9B: Non-Parametric Stat II Flashcards
What is the Chi-square test of independence used for?
Analyze differences in proportion between groups and examine relationships among categorical variables.
What are the key assumptions for the Chi-square test of independence?
Observations must be independent, and each cell must contain an expected frequency of at least 1.
What statistical test is used to compare differences in proportions for paired observations?
McNemar’s Test.
What is the purpose of Yates’ correction for continuity?
To adjust Chi-square calculations for 2 x 2 tables when assumptions are not met.
What does a significant p-value (p < 0.001) indicate in the Chi-square test?
Reject Ho, indicating a significant difference between groups.
What does the McNemar Test assess?
Used to compare difference in proportions
for paired observations
Fill in the blank: The Chi-square test is used when the criteria for _______ statistics are not met.
parametric
What are the two types of non-parametric statistics mentioned for comparing two means?
- Mann-Whitney U
- Wilcoxon signed ranks
What is Spearman’s Rho (rs) used to examine?
examine relationship of one variable with another (between two ordinal variables or one ordinal and one continuous variable).
What is the alternative test if assumptions for the Chi-square test are not met?
Fisher’s Exact Test.
What type of variables does Spearman’s Rho examine?
Ordinal and continuous variables.
Fill in the blank: In the Chi-square test, the observations must be _______.
independent
What statistical test is appropriate for comparing teaching performance ratings before and after a mid-term test?
Wilcoxon signed ranks test
What are the assumptions of a contingency table (Chi-square)?
- No more than 20% of cells contain
expected frequency <5. - Each cell contains an expected frequency of at least 1.
