Lecture 10D: Levels of Evidence & Evidence-based Practice Flashcards
What is the highest level of evidence according to the OCEBM Levels of Evidence?
Systematic review of randomized trials
This is classified as Level 1 evidence.
What type of studies are classified as Level 2 evidence?
Randomized trials, Observational studies with dramatic effect
What type of studies are classified as Level 3 evidence?
Non-randomized controlled cohort/follow-up study
What type of studies are classified as Level 4 evidence?
Case-series, case-controlled studies, historically controlled studies
Cognition/History obtained from past medical records
What type of studies are classified as Level 5 evidence?
Mechanism-based reasoning
This involves reasoning based on biological mechanisms.
What is a key characteristic of a randomized controlled trial (RCT)?
Subjects are randomly assigned to treatment or control groups
This method minimizes bias in treatment allocation.
What does a large effect size indicate in research evidence?
It may allow the level of evidence to be graded up
A large effect size strengthens the evidence’s reliability.
Fill in the blank: Evidence-based medicine integrates clinical expertise with the best available _______.
external clinical evidence
This integration is crucial for effective patient care.
True or False: The PEDro score is a measure of study quality.
True
The PEDro score assesses the methodological quality of randomized controlled trials.
What level of evidence does a case-control study represent?
Level 4
This level involves comparing subjects with and without a condition.
What is the aim of evidence-based practice?
To make informed decisions about patient care
This involves using current best evidence in conjunction with clinical expertise.
What does the acronym OCEBM stand for?
Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine
This organization developed the Levels of Evidence.
Why might the level of evidence be graded down?
- Study quality
- Indirectness
- Inconsistencies between studies
- Absolute effect size is small
What does the term ‘historically controlled study’ refer to?
A study comparing current subjects to past subjects without intervention
This design uses historical data for comparison.
What is the significance of a relative risk value well above or below 1 in observational studies?
It indicates a large effect
A relative risk significantly deviating from 1 suggests strong associations.
In evidence-based practice, what is integrated with the best available evidence?
Clinical expertise
This integration is essential for quality patient care.
