Lecture 2A: Sampling Techniques Flashcards

1
Q

What is the target population?

A

The group of people you want to generalize your results to.

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2
Q

What criteria are used to define the target population?

A

Inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria.

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3
Q

What is an accessible population?

A

The accessible group of people that you will select your sample from.
(Sampling Frame: List of people to draw samples from)

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4
Q

What is a study sample?

A

The subgroup of people from the sampling frame who will be subjects in the study.
(Representative, have similar characteristics)

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5
Q

What is probability sampling?

A

Sampling through random selection where each member has an equal chance of being chosen.
(Unbiased, operation of chance)

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6
Q

What is simple random sampling?

A

Probability Sampling
All members are listed and selected randomly.
* E.g. Draw names from a box, Random selection by computer programs
* Least sampling bias
* But time-consuming

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7
Q

What is systematic sampling?

A

Probability Sampling
Dividing the population by the number of subjects to be selected and picking every nth name.
* Convenient and least time consuming.
* Potential bias (recurring pattern or order)

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8
Q

What is the sampling interval in systematic sampling?

A

The total number of elements in the accessible population divided by the number of elements to be selected.

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9
Q

What is stratified sampling?

A

Probability Sampling
Dividing the sampling frame into subgroups based on a characteristic relevant to the study.
* Ensures representativeness on important characteristics.
* Must have knowledge of characteristics and proportions

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10
Q

What is cluster sampling?

A

Probability Sampling
Identifying population clusters and sampling from them.
* Convenient
* Potential bias

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11
Q

What is non-probability sampling?

A

Sampling based on non-random selection where each element does not have an equal chance of being chosen.

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12
Q

What is convenience sampling?

A

Non-Probability Sampling
* Chosen on the basis of availability
* Potential bias
* Not representative of entire population

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13
Q

What is quota sampling?

A

Non-Probability Sampling
* Similar to stratified sampling
* Uses a convenience sample to get subjects for each subgroup

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14
Q

What is purposive sampling?

A

Non-Probability Sampling
Investigator hand picks subjects based on specific criteria.

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15
Q

What is snowball sampling?

A

Non-Probability Sampling
Starts with available subjects who are asked to locate others meeting the criteria.

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16
Q

What questions should be asked when designing a study?

A
  • Who will be included/excluded?
  • Where will I get my subjects from?
  • What sampling techniques will be used?
  • How many subjects do I need?