Lecture 9.1/9.2 Flashcards
What is classical conditioning?
A unlearned response that occurs naturally in reponse to a stimulus
A reflex
What is experimental psychology?
Using experiments to understand the mechanisms of the mind
Who had the firs psychology lab to discover basic elements of thought?
William Wundt
What was Thorndike’s puzzle box?
Box with a cat inside, while the food was outside. The cat learned by trial and error how to complete a puzzle to get the reward
What is the law of effect?
That responses with a satisfying state of affairs are strengthened and those that end with unsatisfactory affairs are weakened due to punishment
What is operant conditioning?
Any voluntary behaviour that is produced in order dto generate consequences
What is positive punishment?
When a stimulus is added
What is negative punishment?
When a stimulus is taken away
What is behind the idea of punishment?
That punishment will elicit a decrease in likelihood of that ongoing behaviour
Which is more effective, punishment or reinforcement?
Reinforcement
What is behind the idea of reinforcement?
That reinforcement increases or decrease the occurence of a behaviour in the future whether it is negative or positive
What is positive reinforcement?
When presented as a consequence of behaviour it increases the likelihood of future behavioural occurence
What is negative reinforcement?
When a stimulus is reduced, results in an increase in likelihood that that behaviour with recur in the future
