Lecture 1.2 Flashcards
What is behavioral science?
A science that attempts to describe the structure and function of the CNS and its phenomena such as perception, attention, language, learning, memory etc.
What happened to Phineas Gage?
He had an iron shaft shoved through his left cheekbone and frontal lobe
Hippocrates
First to suggest the brain is the central control and not the heart
Galen (2 points)
Recognized that there are 2 types of nerves, sensory and motor
Believe the body was controlled by spirits
Andreas Vesalius
First detailed drawings of the human body and brain, advanced the knowledge about the brain
Descartes (2 points)
Saw the distinctinon between reflexes and voluntary movement
First to suggesr there was a link between physical brain and non physical mind. Believed the pineal gland would direct animal spirits that were in the ventricles when the mind prepares for a movement
Thomas Willis (2 points)
Rejected the idea that ventricles were the seat of the mind and instead it was the cerebral hemisphere
First to distinguish between white and grey matter
Galvani
Thought electricity were the animals spirits in the brain. Saw muscle contraction did not need a circuit therefore electricity was already present in the nerves
Franz Joseph Gall
Introduced cortical localization of function
Broca 1861
Found area in left frontal cortex that was used for expressive language in humans
Fitsch
Found localization area called the motor cortex
Moniz
Introduced pre frontal leukotomy for psychiatric patients
What were advantages and disadvantages of the pre frontal leukotomy?
Advantages- there was initial improvement of symptoms
Disadvantages-Apathy, emotional unresponsiveness, lack of self control, lack of foresight and no ability to plan
Who continued this idea of frontal leukotomy?
Walter Freeman in the 1940s and 50s
