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Anatomy: Human Locomotor Systems > Lecture 9.1 > Flashcards

Lecture 9.1 Flashcards

1
Q

What joints are present in the knee complex?

A

Patellofemoral, tibiofibular, and tibiofemoral joints

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2
Q

What kind of joint is the knee joint?

A

Knee joint is a compound joint and a hinge joint

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3
Q

Is the knee joint weightbearing?

A

Yes weight of the body goes directly anterior to the knee joint but the knee carries a lot of the weight.

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4
Q

How does the knee joint deal with its poor congruence?

A

2 Menisci are prescent on the tibia which holds the femur in a socket.

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5
Q

What is the function of the articularis genus muscle?

A

This muscle pulls away the synovial membrane from the way of the patella to prevent impingement

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6
Q

What structures are present within the fibrous capsule of the knee?

A

The patella, menisci, ligaments, and bursae.

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7
Q

What deficiencies does the fibrous capsule contain?

A

Anteriorly the suprapatellar bursa

Posteriorly the popliteal tendon.

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8
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the popliteus muscle?

A

originates at lateral surface of the lateral condyle of the femur.
Inserts at proximal posterior surface of the tibia.

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9
Q

What structures reinforce the knee articular capsule?

A 
Patellar ligament and retinaculae anteriorly.
oblique arcuate ligaments posteriorly.
MCL medially
LCL and ITB laterally
Coronary ligaments inferiorly.
many muscles also support the capsule
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10
Q

What is significant about the synovial membrane of the knee joint?

A

Knee joint contains largest synovial membrane in the body.

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11
Q

What structures does the synovial membrane contain?

A

Popliteus tendon, cruciate ligaments, and infrapatellar fat pad.

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12
Q

What bursae communicate with the knee joint?

A

suprapatellar, popliteus, and semimembranosus.

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13
Q

What bursae is named as the housemaid’s bursa?

A

prepatellar bursa

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14
Q

Which infrapatellar bursa is more likely to be inflamed?

A

The deep infrapatellar bursa

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15
Q

What are the ligaments of the knee?

A 
ACL
PCL
MCL
LCL
patellar ligament
oblique popliteal ligament
arcuate popliteal ligament
transverse genicular ligament
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16
Q

What is the function of the transverse genicular ligament?

A

prevents anterior movement of the anterior horns of the menisci.

17
Q

What are the functions of the menisci?

A

Improve congruency and stabilize the knee.
Increases contact area by 1/3
Bears weight and protects articular surfaces
spreads synovial fluid
allow for locking and unlocking to take place

18
Q

What separates the menisci?

A

the popliteal tendon

19
Q

What test can be used for ACL and PCL injuries?

A

anterior and posterior draw test

20
Q

What is conjunct and adjunct rotation?

A

conjunct rotation is the rotation that takes place during locking and unlocking.
adjunct rotation is rotation of a flexed knee via hamstrings

21
Q

Is conjunct rotation active or passive?

A

locking is passive but unlocking is active and performed by the piriformis.

22
Q

What direction is rotation during locking?

A

locking involves internal rotation of femur on tibia

23
Q

What is the knee’s blood supply?

A

the genicular branches of femoral popliteal artery form anastomoses around the knee

24
Q

What is the knee’s nerve supply?

A

HIlton’s law; branches of obturator, femoral, and sciatic nerve

25
Q

What is genu valgum and varum?

A

Genu valgum occurs when the lateral condyles of the legs touch each other and the knock-kneed position.
Genu varum is the opposite.

26
Q

What is the function of the patellofemoral joint?

A

gives the vastus muscles more leverage. at start of extension it is a hindrance but then the leverage becomes a good thing.

27
Q

What is the tracking of the patella?

A

tracking is the lateral orientation of the patella.

28
Q

What factors prevent dislocation of the patella?

A

orientation of the vastus medialis
medial patella retinaculum
raised lip on lateral femoral condyle

29
Q

Is the proximal tibiofibular joint intra or extracapsular?

A

intracapsular

30
Q

What kind of joint is the proximal tibiofibular joint?

A

plane synovial joint which allows only gliding.

31
Q

What ligaments support the distal tibiofibular joint?

A

Anterior, posterior, and interosseus ligaments

32
Q

What kind of joint is the distal tibiofibular joint?

A

fibrous (syndesmosis) joint

Anatomy: Human Locomotor Systems (28 decks)

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