Lecture 4.3

Question 1

Where are the boundaries of the subclavian artery?

Answer 1

from the origin to the outer border of the first rib

Question 2

Where are the boundaries of the axillary artery?

Answer 2

At the outer border of the first rib until the inferior border of teres major.

Question 3

Where are the boundaries of the brachial artery?

Answer 3

from inferior border of teres major until the split which occurs at the neck of the radius’ level.

Question 4

Where are anastomoses found on the arm?

Answer 4

scapula contans many anastomoses, elbow, wrist, and palm of the hand.

Question 5

Where does the axillary artery branch and how many branches does it form and what do these branches supply?

Answer 5

3 parts of axillary artery
before pec minor 1 branch
deep to pec minor 2 branches
below pec minor 3 branches

Branches supply walls of the axilla (anterior and posterior muscle groups)

Question 6

What path does the brachia artery take?

Answer 6

Brachial artery starts out medially and goes anteriorly to the arm.

Question 7

Where does the profunda brachii branch from and what does it innervate?

Answer 7

Profunda brachii branches off the brachial artery and supplies the posterior compartment of the arm. It winds behind the humerus and goes through a groove with the radial nerve.

Question 8

What structures do the ulnar and radial artery run under?

Answer 8

Ulnar artery under FCU.

Radial artery under Brachioradialis.

Question 9

What structures does the radial artery go through after passing through brachioradialis?

Answer 9

At the level of the brachioradialis tendon the radial artery moves onto dorsum of the hand by piercing the first dorsal interosseus muscle then heads through the anatomical snuffbox and then meets anteriorly at the palmar arch.

Question 10

How are the deep muscles of the anterior and posterior compartment of the forearm supplied?

Answer 10

Ulnar artery gives off a branch 1 centimeter after its origin and that branch is the common interosseus artery which sits right at the top of the interosseus membrane and then divides into an anterior interossues artery running in front of the interosseus membrane and the posterior interosseus arter supplying posterior deep muscles.

Question 11

Where is the ulnar artery located relative to the flexor retinaculum?

Answer 11

Ulnar artery runs superficial to the flexor retinaculum.

FCU tendon insertion right next to ulnar artery.

Question 12

Which artery forms the superficial palmar arch? What continues the arch?

Answer 12

ulnar artery forms the superficial palmar arch (superficial to the palmar aponeurosis and the flexor tendons). It is continued by the superficial palmar branch of the radial artery.

Question 13

What branches are given off from the superficial palmar branch?

Answer 13

Common palmar digital arteries divide into proper palmar digital arteries which run to each side of each finger.

Question 14

Which artery forms the deep palmar arch? What continues the arch?

Answer 14

Deep palmar arch is formed by the radial artery meeting the deep palmar branch of the ulnar artery.

Question 15

What arteries does the deep palmar arch give off and what do they supply?

Answer 15

Deep palmar arch gives off metacarpal arteries which supplies metacarpal region. These are end arteries.

Question 16

How are the deep and superficial veins of the upper limb connected?

Answer 16

Superficial veins and deep veins anastamose with each other and connect with each other at several locations.

Question 17

What are the deep veins and what structures do they follow?

Answer 17

Deep system follows arteries (SABRU). Instead of radial and ulnar veins there are paired 2 venae commitantes running either side of the radial and ulnar artery.

Question 18

Where do the superficial veins begin?

Answer 18

Superficial veins are found on the distal side of the palm and 2 venous systems arise from this network. Lateral side drains into cephalic vein and medial side into basilic vein.

Question 19

What happens at the cubital fossa to the veins?

Answer 19

Median cubital vein is where both veins meet at the cubital fossa.

Question 20

What are the paths of the cephalic and basilic veins?

Answer 20

Cephalic vein winds around radial border of the forearm to the anterior surface It runs in front of the elbow and then ascends lateral to biceps then it goes over lateral side of the biceps and through deltopectoral groove and meets the axillary vein under the clavicle.

Basilic vein ends at the medial side of the biceps and joins brachial vein/s and then continues into axillary vein.

Question 21

What structures do deep lymphatics follow?

Answer 21

Deep lymphatics follow major arteries. Deep to the deep fascia.

Question 22

What is the function of superficial lymph vessels? Where are they found?

Answer 22

Superficial lymph vessels follow superficial veins towards axillary lymph nodes. These vessels drain superficial structures.

Question 23

What are the different axillary lymph nodes? Where do they drain?

Answer 23

Subscapular (posterior) axillary lymph nodes

Pectoral (anterior) axillary lymph nodes

Humeral (lateral) axillary lymph nodes

These lymph nodes drain into apical axillary lymph nodes.

Question 24

What do axillary lymph nodes drain?

Answer 24

Axillary lymph nodes drain upper quadrants of the chest wall (this includes breasts) and the upper limbs.