Lecture 7.3

Question 1

What muscles attach to linea aspera?

Answer 1

Gluteus maximus (part of it)
Vastus medialis and lateralis from medial and lateral lip respectively.
Short head of biceps femoris

Question 2

Where do cruciate ligaments originate from?

Answer 2

Tubercles of the intercondylar eminence

Question 3

Where does the patellar ligament insert onto the tibia?

Answer 3

The tibial tuberosity

Question 4

What is the malleolar mortis?

Answer 4

The socket formed by the lateral and medial malleolus to articulate with talus.

Question 5

Why are there depressions in the lateral malleolus?

Answer 5

The tendons of the fibularis longus and brevis pit in these depressions.

Question 6

Which side of the tibia do muscle attachments typically occur on?

Answer 6

The lateral side

Question 7

Why is the lateral facet of the patella larger than the medial facet?

Answer 7

Because lateral condyle of femur is longer proximally on the lateral side.

Question 8

What structure is endangered in a boot top fracture?

Answer 8

The deep fibular nerve

Question 9

Why do the tibia and fibula break at the distal 1/3 more often than anywhere else?

Answer 9

The blood supply is poor and bone is narrowest.

Question 10

What structure is endangered in proximal tibiofibular fractures?

Answer 10

common fibular nerve

Question 11

Which compartment/s is/are involved in inversion?

Answer 11

the muscles of the anterior compartment and posterior compartment

Question 12

What are the symptoms of compartment syndrome?

Answer 12

Pain (on exertion)
Pale
Pulse-less
parasthesia

Question 13

What are crural fascia?

Answer 13

Deep fascia of the leg

Question 14

What are the characteristics of crural fascia?

Answer 14

Thick

continuous with fascia lata, periosteum of tibia, intermuscular septa, and ankle retinaculae

Question 15

How many ankle retinacula are there?

Answer 15

5; 1 flexor, 2 extensor, 2 fibular

Question 16

What are the functions of the ankle retinaculae?

Answer 16

They bind tendons and create tarsal tunnels.

Question 17

Where does the superior extensor retinaculum extend from?

Answer 17

medial to lateral malleolus

Question 18

Where does the flexor retinaculum of the lower limb extend from?

Answer 18

From medial malleolus to the calcaneus

Question 19

Where does the inferior extensor retinaculum span from?

Answer 19

Medial malleolus superiorly and talus +calcaneus inferiorly

It meets with the evertor retinaculum

Question 20

Where do the fibular retinacula originate and insert?

Answer 20

superior fibular retinaculum: lateral malleolus to lateral surface of calcaneus.
Inferior retinaculum from the cruciate crural ligament to the lateral calcaneus.

Question 21

What muscles are present in the lateral compartment?

Answer 21

fibularis longus and brevis

Question 22

What condition results from compression of the common fibular nerve? Why?

Answer 22

Foot drop. Compression results in weakness in everters and dorsiflexors

Question 23

What paths do each branch of the common fibular nerve take?

Answer 23

Superficial fibular nerve supplies muscles then skin of distal leg and dorsum of foot.
Deep fibular nerve supplies anterior compartment.

Question 24

Where do fibularis longus and brevis attach to foot?

Answer 24

Plantar surface; longus attaches to 5th metatarsal (maintaining arch) and brevis attaches to 1st metatarsal

Question 25

How does tibialis anterior assist inversion?

Answer 25

it attaches to first metatarsal which is medial to the talocrural joint

Question 26

What are the muscles of the anterior compartment?

Answer 26

Tibialis Anterior, Extensor Hallucis Longus, Extensor Digitorum Longus, Fibularis Tertius