Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ECU Language + Learning Disabilities > Lecture 9 - Writing Development > Flashcards

Lecture 9 - Writing Development Flashcards

1
Q

Are children learning to read and write before attending school?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Children’s intrinsic ______ and ______ toward writing changes over time.

A

Interest

Motivation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Writing is typically judged by _______.

A

Product

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

When treating writing, what is there a need to look at?

2

A

Writing processes

Underlying foundations of writing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What sort of writing do children do between 1-5 years, according to Case-Smith?

(3)

A

Copies “X”, squares, + triangles

Draws “+” and “O”

Imitates “-“ and “ | “

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What sort of writing do children do between 4-10 years, according to Case-Smith?

(2)

A

Letter writing

Name writing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What sort of writing do children do between 6-15 years, according to Case-Smith?

(2)

A

Writing words

Writing sentences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the Framework of Writing?

4

A

Transcription (spelling + writing)

Planning what to write

Revision writing

Types of writing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What do children have trouble with in the beginning?

A

Transcription (spelling and writing words accurately)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Young children’s processes are _______ and include difficulty with _______ and ______.

A

Sequential

Planning

Revisions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What writing product is typically looked at with young children?

A

Narratives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What elements are contained in Written Language?

6

A

Content

Syntax

Organization

Genre (Discourse)

Cohesion

Knowledge of word/sentence paragraph boundaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What elements are contained in Writing?

7

A

Fine motor coordination

Letter formation

Spatial organization

Size/letter relationships

Pencil grip

Ability to copy from near/far

Expressive modality (Keyboarding/ Act of writing)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is PreWriting?

1+5

A

Experience with letters and words during…

  • Shared reading activities
  • Print at home
  • Print at school
  • Print in immediate environment
  • Availability of writing instruments (e.g., crayons, pencils, markers) and writing surfaces.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What do written spelling skills (i.e., print and cursive) develop alongside?

(2)

A

Decoding stages

Oral spelling stages.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Berlinger et al. (2002) reported decoding exerted a consistently significant direct influence on _______ and ______ in typically developing writers from 1-6 grade.

Therefore, the ability to correctly decode words may facilitate __________ which strengthens the probability that children will learn to represent letter forms correctly in ______.

A

Handwriting

Spelling

//

Correct spelling

Memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The ability to efficiently decode words helps develop __________ from memory during reading and spelling activities.

A

Routines for the automatic retrieval

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Motor development and written language development data includes age ranges paired with ________.

A

Written skills

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is Early Writing Development (1-3) characterized by?

A

Imitating/writing/drawing of vertical (|) and horizontal (-) lines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What happens to writing around 3-4 years of age?

A

Initial lines develop into independently drawn circles (O) and intersecting lines (+)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What happens in writing between 4-6 years of age?

A

Basic lines and shapes (X,Δ, □) become actual letters, such as capital “X” and “A”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Children have been observed to progress from writing/scribbling swirls to writing ___________.

A

One letter to represent a word, sentence, or phrase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Children may begin to use symbols (letters) without having any __________. and may not know or be able to identify __________ in the alphabet or the conventions of writing ___________.

A

Letter-sound correspondences

All of the letters

Left to right

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What do children enrolled in daycare or school learn to do earlier than unenrolled children?

(4)

A

Form shapes

Letters

Numbers

Writing their names

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Most children who have experience with print in their homes will begin to experiment with ____________.

A

Writing without focused instruction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What might children from high print homes (access to books, joint book reading) may go through sooner than children with little experience with print?

A

Logographic reading stage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

___% of the U.S. are left handed and ___% are right-handed.

A

10%.

90%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What do we also need to note about children’s writing to know if they need an OT referral?

(1+2)

A

How they write during evaluation

  • Letter size
  • Body positioning
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What are children asked to write in Early School Writing?

3

A

What they are thinking

Write in their own fashion their own way

Copy teacher’s writing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Do writing and drawing have the same arm /hand movement patterns?

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What are children in classes K-1st grade taught to do?

3

A

Talk

Draw

Write stories

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

In early school writing, children use their ___________ as characters in fictional playdate stories.

A

Friends and family

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

To become a conventional writer, what must the child understand?

(5)

A

Sound symbol relationships

Words as stable, memorable units

Text as a stable, memorable object

Spelling and basic sentence grammar

Adult models

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What are Early Writing Types (1st grade)?

2

A

Chronological

Nonchronological

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What is Chronological Writing focused on?

2

A

Actions

Events

36
Q

What is the basis of subjects in Chronological Writing?

2

A

Subject based on child’s experiences (fast or future)

Subject based on child’s imaginative

37
Q

What kinds of Syntax are seen in Chronological Writing?

3

A

Action verbs

Temporal connective (first, then)

Temporal adverbs (yesterday, tomorrow)

38
Q

What is Non-Chronological Writing focused on?

A

Objects

39
Q

What is the basis of subjects in Non-Chronological Writing?

2

A

Picture descriptions

Interactive text with dialogue

40
Q

What kinds of Syntax are seen in Non-Chronological Writing?

2

A

Verbs attrition (are, have)

Verb attitude (like, want) in present tense

41
Q

What do children who are reading learn?

3

A

Once upon a time…

And they lived happily ever after

Dialogue and quotes from familiar stories

42
Q

What is considered to be the highest level of literary style?

A

The ability to speak in a literate style while writing in a spoken style

43
Q

What kinds of Genre-Specific Text is learned at age 9+?

2

A

Expository (informational)

Persuasive (argument) genres

44
Q

What is Cognitive Space taken up by prior to age 9?

2

A

Spelling

Handwriting development

45
Q

What makes Topic Knowledge different and more advance after 9+?

A

Because they have to write about it

46
Q

What three things may the writing process result in?

A

New knowledge

A new way of learning, communicating

Discovery of new information

47
Q

What is contained in the Macrostructure of Writing?

2

A

Genre Development

Proficiency of writing

48
Q

What is contained in Genre Development?

3

A

Narrative (story telling)

Expository (informational)

Persuasive (argument)

49
Q

What is Narrative?

A

Story telling

50
Q

What is Expository Writing?

A

Informational

51
Q

What is Persuasive Writing?

A

Argument

52
Q

How do we measure Proficiency of Writing?

4

A

Overall text length

Cohesion markers - type and frequency

Connection between sentences - local and remote

Analyses of text structure

53
Q

As children age, they write longer _______ and use more ______ (Scott, 1994).

A

Narratives

Cohesion

54
Q

What are the components of Stories/Narrative Text?

5

A

Structures

Beginning - Middle - End

Plot/Events

Characters

Setting

55
Q

What is contained in SCIENTIFIC Expository Text?

4

A

Listings

Cause/Effect

Compare/Contrast

Dates

56
Q

What is contained in SOCIAL STUDIES Expository Text?

4

A

Problems/Solutions

Compare/Contrast

Time ordering

57
Q

When does Cohesion between sentences in paragraphs develop?

What is required for this to happen?

A

Over time from 2nd to 12th grade

Support and instruction

58
Q

By 7 yrs old, children are capable of telling stories with the elements (e.g., setting, initiating event, characters, etc.); however, writing them takes ___________, since __________ require cognitive resources.

A

Longer to develop

Print and spelling

59
Q

By 5th grade, children are capable of writing ____________ narratives.

A

Cohesive multi-episode

60
Q

Children with LLD write shorter _______ with more _______.

A

Narratives

Grammatical errors

61
Q

What does Expository Text Development require?

4

A

Learning new vocabulary and new concepts

Using logically based relations

Learning different Macrostructures

Increasing syntactical complexity and figurative meaning

62
Q

What Logically Based Relations are learned during Expository Text Development?

(3)

A

Condition

Purpose

Contrast

63
Q

What Macrostructures are learned during Expository Text Development?

(4)

A

Compare/contrast

Description

Problem/solution

Causation

64
Q

What is Persuasive Writing?

A

Writing providing information to change someone’s mind

65
Q

What elements are included in Argumentative Text?

3

A

Supporting Process

Negotiation Process

Negotiation Markers

66
Q

What is the Supporting Process?

A

Referring to the reasons for the claim

67
Q

What is the Negotiation Process?

A

Convincing the reader to accept the reasons

68
Q

What are the four Negotiation Markers?

A

Counter arguments

Obligation and Judgment

Degree of certainty

Writer Endorsement and Accountability

69
Q

What words are used in Counter Arguments?

3

A

Even

If

However

70
Q

What words are used in Obligation and Judgment?

2

A

One should

It’s good

71
Q

What words are used in Degree of certainty?

2

A

Maybe

Surely

72
Q

What words are used in Writer Endorsement and Accountability?

A

In my opinion

73
Q

When do more negotiation markers occur?

A

Between 10-16 yrs of age

74
Q

There are _________ in the writing of children that develop with age and practice.

A

Syntactic changes

75
Q

What increases in microstructure development of sentence grammar as children get older (mid-elementary to high school)?

(3)

A

Relative clauses

Expanded noun phrases

Nonfinite adverbial clauses

76
Q

What are Relative Clauses?

A

I found what (that which; the thing that) you were looking for

77
Q

What are Expanded Noun Phrases?

A

“The tall girl walked down the street”

78
Q

What are Nonfinite Adverbial Clauses?

A

“Looking out the window, they could see trouble”

79
Q

What are Kroll’s four Writing Phases?

A

Preparation

Consolidation

Differentiation

Integration

80
Q

What is Kroll’s Stage of Preparation?

4

A

Use of short sentences

Presence of grammatical errors

Words may be omitted

Spelling/punctuation errors

81
Q

What is Kroll’s Stage of Consolidation?

A

Writing closely resembles speech (spoken language)

82
Q

What is Kroll’s Stage of Differentiation? (4)

When does it occur?

A

Written grammar emerges

Fewer sentence with “and”

More passive verbs

Adverbial phrases move to beginning of the sentence

//

Age 9-10 yrs.

83
Q

What is Kroll’s Stage of Integration?

2

A

Writers switch between oral and written forms

Adapt writing depending on the topic/subject needs

84
Q

At what age are Writing Disorders usually referred?

A

5-19

85
Q

Which gender is referred more often for writing disorders?

A

Boys (2:1)

86
Q

What are the four requirements of a written language disorder in the DSM-IV-TR

A

Poor handwriting (grammar or punctuation)

Poor paragraph organization

Multiple spelling errors

Poor handwriting

87
Q

How many 8th graders were non proficient in writing in 2007?

12th graders?

A

67%

76%

ECU Language + Learning Disabilities (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions