Lecture 9: Trauma Part 1 Flashcards
Stress
Non-specific response of the body to any demand on allostasis
Stressor
Whatever is doing the demanding on allostasis eg. Work, school, interpersonal conflicts
Allostasis (3)
Biological mechanisms that regulate an organism’s internal milieu by:
- Anticipating needs
- Evaluating priorities
- Directing the organisms to satisfy them
Allostasis is _____ and ______ while homeostasis is ____ and ______
Allostasis is predictive and proactive while homeostasis is retrodictive and reactive
What does predictive and proactive mean in allostasis?
Cognition (predictive) and action (proactive) precedes need
What does retrodictive and reactive mean in homeostasis?
Need precedes cognition (retrodictive) and action (reactive)
Trauma
An experience that
1. Overwhelms a person’s ability to cope
2. Leaves a lasting impact on a person’s mental physical health
Many mental health problems are traumagenic meaning? (2)
Produced by trauma, which contributes to:
1. Problems with self
2. Problems with other
Common traumas include: (7)
- Physical abuse
- Sexual abuse
- Emotional abuse
- Witnessing domestic violence
- Severe neglect
- Medical traumas
- Psychotic episodes
Common problems with the self include (4)
- Low self-worth (value of yourself)
- Negative self-concept (primarily negative attributes representing you)
- Difficulty experiencing some or all emotions
- Personality disorders
Common problems with others include: (12)
- Too few relationships —> loneliness
- Low quality relationships —> loneliness
- High-conflict relationships
- Asymmetrical investment in a relationships
- Abusive relationships
- Neglectful relationships
- Relationships with too few boundaries
- Relationships with too many boundaries
- Personality mismatch
- Value mismatch
- Goal mismatch
- Personality disorders
Risk factors of developing PTSD include (13)
- Some genetic traits
- Some epigenetic traits
- Severity of traumatic event
- Traumatic events committed that are interpersonal
- Traumatic events committed that involve physical injury
- Traumatic events that in which a person is a victim rather than a witness
- Traumatic events in which a person dissociates
- Prior experiences of trauma
- Prior mental health problems
- Being female, younger, ethnic/racial minority
- Having lower SES, education, IQ
- Lack of social support
- Negative reactions from others regarding the traumatic event
Who is more likely to experience sexual trauma between men and women?
Women
Who is more likely to experience physical trauma between men and women
Men
People with PTSD has disregulation in 4 biological systems:
- The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis
- The sympathetic nervous system
- The threat system
- The reward system
The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA axis) mediates the _____ response
Stress
The HPA contains: (3)
- The hypothalamus
- The pituitary glands
- The adrenals
Hypothalamus is a brain structure that links the _____ ____ and ____ ______. It also mediates physiological regulation of: (5)
Endocrine and nervous system
- Body temperature
- Blood pressure
- Hunger and thirst
- Sexual interest
- Sleep
What does the hypothalamus release to communicate with the nearby pituitary gland?
Corticotropin-releasing hormone
Pituitary gland is an endocrine gland in the brain that helps regulate (5)
- Stress response
- Blood pressure
- Blood glucose
- Metabolism
- Immune function
The pituitary releases what to communicate with the adrenal glands?
adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH)
Adrenals are endocrine glands located at the ___ of the _____ and produce several hormones including: (3)
Top of the kidneys
- Cortisol,
- Norepinephrine
- Epinephrine
Cortisol is an _____ hormone that helps regulate (3)
Adrenal
- Energy
- Blood pressure
- Sleep-wake cycle
Acute stress can lead to ______cortisolism
Hypercortisolism (Too much cortisol)