Lecture 10: Trauma pt 2 Flashcards
Treatment of PTSD includes (4)
- Anti-arousal interventions
- Exposure therapy
- Cognitive therapy
- Insight-oriented therapy
Anti-arousal interventions what do they do?
They lower acute and chronic arousal
How do anti-arousal interventions lower acute and chronic arousal (5)
- Rhythmic breathing
- Grounding
- Relaxation
- Exercise
- Pharmacological therapy
PTSD is also often treated with exposure therapy including ____ _____ therapy
trauma narrative
Explicit memory
Memory that can be consciously and deliberately retrieved and reported
Implicit memory
memory that is difficult or impossible to consciously and deliberately retrieve or report
Explicit and implicit memory are mediated by different _____ _____
neural circuits
explicit memory is largely mediated by (2)
- Hippocampus
- Neocortex
The hippocampus mediates the consolidation of _____ into _____
STM into LTM
The hippocampus is sensitive to _____ ______
context information i.e time and place
The hippocampus is sensitive to _______ _____ between stimuli, helping to “bind” various stimuli into a ______ _______
relational properties
unitary representation
During stress _____ is released from the adrenal glands.
Cortisol
High levels of cortisol _______ hippocampal functioning
decreases
High levels of cortisol result in a decrease in hippocampal functioning which then in turn: (3)
- Impairs LTM consolidation (why some people don’t remember)
- Impairs context information (why some people have flashbacks)
- Impairs binding sensory experiences into unitary representations (why some people recall fragments of a traumatic event)
High levels of cortisol can _____ amygdala functioning
Increase
The amygdala mediates (3), resulting in _____ ____ ____ without the benefits of hippocampal processing
- Fear
- Anxiety
- Conditioning
Strong fear conditioning
Explicit memories are mediated in the _____ which has ______ connections to the amygdala
cortex
inhibitory
Trauma narrative therapy aims to _____ the discrepancy between _____ memories of traumatic events and _____ memories of those events
reduce the discrepancies between explicit an implicit memories of traumatic events
Trauma narrative therapy aims to do what to the hippocampus and amygdala (2)
- increase activation of the hippocampus (more real/coherent memory of the trauma)
- increase inhibition of amygdala by the neocortex (reduce fear and anxiety)
Sometimes in narrative therapy, patients are asked to (2)
- Write out details of traumatic events
- Read the narrative repeatedly
Just like in anxiety and depression people with trauma tend to have _____ _____
cognitive distortions
cognitive distortions what are they?
inaccurate or unhelpful thoughts, beliefs, categorizations, inferences
When a person’s trauma is interpersonal (in contrast to natural disasters) cognitive distortions tend to alter a person’s ____ _____ and their _____ ___ ____
self concept and their concepts of others
People with interpersonal trauma are especially vulnerable to feelings of _____ and _____ and beliefs that they are _____, ____, and/or a ____ person
shame and guilt
damaged, broken, and/or a bad person
Cognitive therapy aims to help people ____ and _____ cognitive distortions especially distortions relating to _____ ____ and ______ __ ______
identify and modify
self concept and concepts of others
Complex trauma
trauma that is interpersonal and reccurent
complex trauma is often the result of what?
abuse by family members in childhood and adolescence
Complex trauma causes a disturbance to the victim’s _____ and ______ _____ of relating to others
personality and interpersonal style of relating to others
Common consequences of complex trauma (3)
- Attachment insecurity (avoidant/anxious)
- Development of a “fake self”
- Fragmented self, experienced by others as different personality states
Insight-oriented therapy aims to help people achieve insight about features of their _______ and _____ __ _____ __ _____ that might be consequences of trauma
personality and style of relating to others
