Lecture 9 - Thinking & Decision Making

Question 1

What is an analogical representation?

Answer 1

An idea that shares some of the actual characteristics of the object it represents

Question 2

What is a symbolic representation?

Answer 2

A mental representation that stands for some content without sharing any characteristics with the thing it represents

Question 3

What is syllogism?

Answer 3

Conclusion follows two premises. The conclusion is valid if it logically follows the premises, even if the premises aren’t plausible!

Question 4

What is the representativeness heuristic?

Answer 4

People watching an interview with a prison guard with extreme views will draw conclusions about the entire prison system based on this one interview.

Question 5

What is the Dual-Process Theory?

Answer 5

System 1: fast, automatic type thinking

System 2: slower, more effortful type thinking

Question 6

What is utility theory?

Answer 6

Each decision has costs and benefits based on our personal goals. We estimate a subjective utility for each course of action

Question 7

What is the framing effect?

Answer 7

Decisions are influenced by the way questions are phrased and options are described

Question 8

What is the correct card to flip in Wason’s Selection Task? A, K, 4, or 7?

Answer 8

7

Question 9

Why did Cheng say that people perform better on the contextualised Wason’s Selection Task?

Answer 9

Permission Schemas - help us reason about the situation