Lecture 11 - Psychopathology I Flashcards
What does somatogenesis refer to?
The physical origin of mental illness
What was General Paresis (19th century)?
Fatigue, personality change and cognitive deterioration, subtle motor symptoms, delusions, dementia and catatonia
Who defined dementia praecox (now schizophrenia)?
Emile Kraeplin
Who was the first to formally study psychopharmacology?
Emile Kraeplin
What does psychogenesis refer to?
The psychological origins of mental illness
What is the diathesis-stress model of mental illness?
Diathesis: predisposition. Stress: life event/trigger. Combination of both causes mental illness.
What is the biopsychosocial model of mental illness?
Biological, social and psychological factors all interact to produce mental illness.
Why does the DSM V have functional definitions of mental disorders?
It focuses on the consequences/symptoms… not causes!
What is Dysthemia?
A less severe but more chronic form of depression, now called Persistant Depressive Disorder!
What brain areas is depression associated with?
Hyperactivity in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and also in the amygdala and insula
What percentage of bipolar disorder sufferers commit or attempt suicide?
20%
What is the heritability of bipolar disorder?
~85%. Strong family link of bipolar.
Is there a greater genetic overlap between bipolar and depression or bipolar and schizophrenia?
Bipolar and schizophrenia
Who coined the term “schizophrenia”?
Eugen Bleuler
What is the prevalence rate of schizophrenia?
~1%
What are positive symptoms of schizophrenia?
Symptoms displayed by schizophrenics that are not often observed in the healthy population
What are negative symptoms of schizophrenia?
Absence of behaviours usually evident in the healthy population
What is the aetiology of schizophrenia?
Schizophrenia is classified as a neurodevelopmental disorder (early cognitive or behavioural/personality) and/or a neurodegenerative disorder (early adolescence onset of frank psychosis)
What is the heritability of schizophrenia?
~80. Schizophrenia has a strong family link
What is the dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia?
Abnormally high levels of activity in networks sensitive to the dopamine neurotransmitter
What are the prenatal risk factors of schizophrenia?
Influenza virus, maternal malnutrition, birth complications
What is the most common psychological disorder?
Anxiety
What is the heritability of anxiety disorders?
~30-40%. Fairly low family link for anxiety disorders
Modern approach, Demonology, Psychogenesis, Somatogenesis…. What is the correct chronological order?
Demonology, Somatogenesis, Psychogenesis, Modern Approach
Who discovered the somatogenic origins of general paresis (syphilis)?
Richard von Krafft-Ebing
What is the heritability of depression?
~37%
