Lecture 11 - Psychopathology I

Question 1

What does somatogenesis refer to?

Answer 1

The physical origin of mental illness

Question 2

What was General Paresis (19th century)?

Answer 2

Fatigue, personality change and cognitive deterioration, subtle motor symptoms, delusions, dementia and catatonia

Question 3

Who defined dementia praecox (now schizophrenia)?

Answer 3

Emile Kraeplin

Question 4

Who was the first to formally study psychopharmacology?

Answer 4

Emile Kraeplin

Question 5

What does psychogenesis refer to?

Answer 5

The psychological origins of mental illness

Question 6

What is the diathesis-stress model of mental illness?

Answer 6

Diathesis: predisposition. Stress: life event/trigger. Combination of both causes mental illness.

Question 7

What is the biopsychosocial model of mental illness?

Answer 7

Biological, social and psychological factors all interact to produce mental illness.

Question 8

Why does the DSM V have functional definitions of mental disorders?

Answer 8

It focuses on the consequences/symptoms… not causes!

Question 9

What is Dysthemia?

Answer 9

A less severe but more chronic form of depression, now called Persistant Depressive Disorder!

Question 10

What brain areas is depression associated with?

Answer 10

Hyperactivity in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and also in the amygdala and insula

Question 11

What percentage of bipolar disorder sufferers commit or attempt suicide?

Answer 11

20%

Question 12

What is the heritability of bipolar disorder?

Answer 12

~85%. Strong family link of bipolar.

Question 13

Is there a greater genetic overlap between bipolar and depression or bipolar and schizophrenia?

Answer 13

Bipolar and schizophrenia

Question 14

Who coined the term “schizophrenia”?

Answer 14

Eugen Bleuler

Question 15

What is the prevalence rate of schizophrenia?

Answer 15

~1%

Question 16

What are positive symptoms of schizophrenia?

Answer 16

Symptoms displayed by schizophrenics that are not often observed in the healthy population

Question 17

What are negative symptoms of schizophrenia?

Answer 17

Absence of behaviours usually evident in the healthy population

Question 18

What is the aetiology of schizophrenia?

Answer 18

Schizophrenia is classified as a neurodevelopmental disorder (early cognitive or behavioural/personality) and/or a neurodegenerative disorder (early adolescence onset of frank psychosis)

Question 19

What is the heritability of schizophrenia?

Answer 19

~80. Schizophrenia has a strong family link

Question 20

What is the dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia?

Answer 20

Abnormally high levels of activity in networks sensitive to the dopamine neurotransmitter

Question 21

What are the prenatal risk factors of schizophrenia?

Answer 21

Influenza virus, maternal malnutrition, birth complications

Question 22

What is the most common psychological disorder?

Answer 22

Anxiety

Question 23

What is the heritability of anxiety disorders?

Answer 23

~30-40%. Fairly low family link for anxiety disorders

Question 24

Modern approach, Demonology, Psychogenesis, Somatogenesis…. What is the correct chronological order?

Answer 24

Demonology, Somatogenesis, Psychogenesis, Modern Approach

Question 25

Who discovered the somatogenic origins of general paresis (syphilis)?

Answer 25

Richard von Krafft-Ebing

Question 26

What is the heritability of depression?

Answer 26

~37%