Lecture 2 - Methods and Inferences

Question 1

What is deduction?

Answer 1

As long as the premises are true then the conclusions will be true. E.g. All Swans are white. George is a swan. Therefore, George is white.

Question 2

What is induction?

Answer 2

Find multiple cases. E.g. 1000 white swans. Therefore, all swans are white.

Question 3

What is inference?

Answer 3

Using inferential reasoning to draw theories about the world from observations.

Question 4

What is falsificationism?

Answer 4

A theory can never be confirmed. A good theory makes clear what evidence would falsify it. A bad theory is not falsifiable.

Question 5

What is the spatial resolution of single unit, MEG/ERP, fMRI, and PET from lowest to highest?

Answer 5

MEG/ERP, PET, fMRI, single unit

Question 6

What is the temporal resolution of fMRI, PET, MEG/ERP and TMS from lowest to highest?

Answer 6

PET, fMRI, TMS, MEG/ERP

Question 7

What type of techniques are PET and fMRI?

Answer 7

Hemodynamic techniques

Question 8

What type of techniques are EEG and MEG?

Answer 8

Electro-magnetic techniques

Question 9

What are the differences between hemodynamic and electro-magnetic techniques in terms of spatial and temporal resolution?

Answer 9

Hemodynamic techniques have good spatial resolution, bad temporal resolution.

Electro-magnetic techniques have bad spatial resolution, good temporal resolution

Question 10

GAMMA, BETA, ALPHA, THETA and …?

Answer 10

DELTA

Question 11

What is BOLD?

Answer 11

Blood Oxygenation Level Dependent - measured by fMRI - blood oxygenation changes locally in active areas of the brain