Lecture 7 - Learning Flashcards
What is habituation?
Decline in responsiveness to a stimulus once it has become familiar
What is classical conditioning?
A Conditioned Stimulus is paired with an Unconditioned Stimulus to produce a Conditioned Response from an Unconditioned Response
What is second order conditioning?
Pairing a second conditioned stimulus with a primary conditioned stimulus to produce a conditioned response
A conditioned response can weaken after many repetitions, if left for a break period it may return, what is this called?
Spontaneous Recovery
What is contiguity?
The optimal time for the CS to precede the US, 0.5 seconds
What is contingency?
CS must be informative about the upcoming US! - Contingency (not contiguity!) is the key to classical conditioning.
Is advertising more effective when brand name is revealed at the start or end?
Start
What is operant conditioning?
Instrumental learning or reinforcement learning
What is the law of effect? (Thorndike)
Behaviour followed by a reward will be strengthened
What is a positive reinforcement?
Giving something good
What is a negative reinforcement?
Removing something negative
What is positive punishment?
Giving something bad
What is negative punishment?
Removing something good
What is the most effective schedule of reinforcement?
Variable ratio (e.g. gambling)
What is latent learning? (Tolman)
Learning without any corresponding behavioural change (e.g. cognitive maps)
