Lecture 13 - Memory II: Long-Term Memory

Question 1

What is another name for declarative memory?

Answer 1

Explicit memory

Question 2

What is another name for nondeclarative memory?

Answer 2

Implicit memory

Question 3

Daily episodes, words and their meanings, and history are all examples of what?

Answer 3

Declarative memory

Question 4

Motor skills, associations, priming cues, and puzzle-solving skills are all examples of what?

Answer 4

Nondeclarative memory

Question 5

What is the levels of processing theory?

Answer 5

The deeper the level of processing, the better something will be remembered

Question 6

What is the self-reference effect?

Answer 6

Words heard with self-referencing questions are remembered more often

Question 7

What is the spacing effect?

Answer 7

Spacing creates a desirable difficulty and therefore words are remembered better than if they were more frequently displayed

Question 8

What is a good example of a finding that does against LOP theory?

Answer 8

Rhyming in retrieval goes better with rhyming in encoding

Question 9

What does context reinstatement show?

Answer 9

If you change the physical context without changing your mental perspective, the physical relocation has no effect

Question 10

What brain regions are involved in explicit memory?

Answer 10

Temporal lobe structures: amygdala, hippocampus, rhinal cortex, thalamus.
Prefrontal cortex, and the rest of neocortex (sensory and motor information)

Question 11

Stimulation of what part of the prefrontal cortex modulates memory performance? (Javadi et al.)

Answer 11

Stimulation of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex modulates performance

Question 12

Why do most researchers doubt the theory of the hippocampus as a storage site for memory?

Answer 12

Because it is difficult to reconcile the time-dependent effects of retrograde amnesia with a storage theory

Question 13

What is the difficulty with the theory of the hippocampus as a memory consolidation site?

Answer 13

Retrograde amnesia sometimes extends back for decades - so memory consolidation would have to be incredibly slow

Question 14

What is the problem with the theory of the hippocampus as a librarian for memories?

Answer 14

It does not explain why in cases of retrograde amnesia explicit memories cannot be retrieved whilst implicit memories can

Question 15

What is the theory of the hippocampus as a tagger for memories?

Answer 15

The hippocampus is responsible for tagging memories with respect to the location and time of their occurrence - it is just one of many memory systems

Question 16

What brain regions are involved in implicit memory?

Answer 16

Basal ganglia, substantia nigra, thalamus, premotor cortex, and the rest of the neocortex (sensory and motor info)